{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2798330471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acssc.2017.8335610","title":"Cell-free massive MIMO systems utilizing multi-antenna access points","display_name":"Cell-free massive MIMO systems utilizing multi-antenna access points","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2798330471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acssc.2017.8335610","mag":"2798330471"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/acssc.2017.8335610","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acssc.2017.8335610","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 51st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078357335","display_name":"Ahmad Asrul Ibrahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4997-3578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad A. I. Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088515682","display_name":"Alexei Ashikhmin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7016-1614"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexei Ashikhmin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014805999","display_name":"Thomas L. Marzetta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9105-405X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas L. Marzetta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001355478","display_name":"David J. Love","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5922-4787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David J. Love","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078357335"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1467,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80841683,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1517","last_page":"1521"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.8574637174606323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.727103590965271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6168440580368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3g-mimo","display_name":"3G MIMO","score":0.6128191351890564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5353206992149353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.48296064138412476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-antenna-system","display_name":"Distributed antenna system","score":0.4324013590812683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-user-mimo","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","score":0.4181118607521057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3340626657009125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.30919116735458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14387527108192444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.06721052527427673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.8574637174606323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.727103590965271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6168440580368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165650700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636347","display_name":"3G MIMO","level":4,"score":0.6128191351890564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5353206992149353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.48296064138412476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775957982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283138","display_name":"Distributed antenna system","level":3,"score":0.4324013590812683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91330434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738298","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","level":4,"score":0.4181118607521057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3340626657009125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.30919116735458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14387527108192444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.06721052527427673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/acssc.2017.8335610","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acssc.2017.8335610","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 51st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W250076511","https://openalex.org/W2118547276","https://openalex.org/W2146761479","https://openalex.org/W2163676306","https://openalex.org/W2286275639","https://openalex.org/W2289191545","https://openalex.org/W2296319761","https://openalex.org/W2592341259","https://openalex.org/W2610350904","https://openalex.org/W3099509308","https://openalex.org/W4250589301"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2545343974","https://openalex.org/W4200145345","https://openalex.org/W1561113522","https://openalex.org/W1987031311","https://openalex.org/W2038397443","https://openalex.org/W1996130034","https://openalex.org/W2182661536","https://openalex.org/W2955108753","https://openalex.org/W1495906304","https://openalex.org/W2789542217"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cell-free":[0],"massive":[1,64],"multiple-input":[2],"multiple-output":[3],"(MIMO)":[4],"was":[5],"recently":[6],"proposed":[7],"as":[8],"an":[9],"alternative":[10],"to":[11,21,32,81,92],"partitioning":[12],"coverage":[13,30],"area":[14,31],"into":[15],"cells.":[16],"The":[17],"main":[18],"idea":[19],"is":[20],"have":[22],"many":[23],"access":[24],"points":[25],"(APs)":[26],"distributed":[27],"over":[28],"the":[29,57,71,82,85,89],"serve":[33],"a":[34],"smaller":[35],"number":[36],"of":[37,59,75],"users.":[38],"Users":[39],"are":[40],"served":[41],"by":[42,46],"all":[43],"APs":[44,61,78],"simultaneously":[45],"sharing":[47],"time":[48],"and":[49,73,88],"frequency":[50],"resources.":[51],"In":[52,67],"this":[53],"paper,":[54],"we":[55,69],"study":[56,70],"deployment":[58],"multi-antenna":[60,77],"in":[62],"cell-free":[63],"MIMO":[65],"systems.":[66],"particular,":[68],"advantages":[72],"disadvantages":[74],"using":[76],"with":[79],"respect":[80],"achievable":[83],"rates,":[84],"backhauling":[86],"traffic,":[87],"infrastructure":[90],"cost":[91],"give":[93],"results":[94],"on":[95],"how":[96],"disperse":[97],"antennas":[98],"should":[99],"be":[100],"among":[101],"APs.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}