{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2770919418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acssc.2017.8335179","title":"Towards provably invisible network flow fingerprints","display_name":"Towards provably invisible network flow fingerprints","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2770919418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acssc.2017.8335179","mag":"2770919418"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/acssc.2017.8335179","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acssc.2017.8335179","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 51st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1711.10079","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045412262","display_name":"Ramin Soltani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5157-5475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramin Soltani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064436231","display_name":"Dennis Goeckel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4190-9515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Goeckel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036683370","display_name":"Don Towsley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7808-7375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Don Towsley","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018588864","display_name":"Amir Houmansadr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7553-6657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Houmansadr","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0654,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90466951,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"258","last_page":"262"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8011040687561035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alice","display_name":"Alice (programming language)","score":0.6788802146911621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5818085670471191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5525330901145935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.4756811857223511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.4284977614879608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.4163546562194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4106101989746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.398085355758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3547663688659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2507692575454712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12271547317504883}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8011040687561035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778222013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136926","display_name":"Alice (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6788802146911621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5818085670471191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5525330901145935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4756811857223511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.4284977614879608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.4163546562194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4106101989746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.398085355758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3547663688659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2507692575454712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12271547317504883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/acssc.2017.8335179","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acssc.2017.8335179","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 51st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1711.10079","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1711.10079","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1711.10079","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1711.10079","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1711.10079","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1711.10079","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W75879620","https://openalex.org/W127688506","https://openalex.org/W187122915","https://openalex.org/W647361604","https://openalex.org/W2001283559","https://openalex.org/W2004447163","https://openalex.org/W2043681328","https://openalex.org/W2053491613","https://openalex.org/W2094055697","https://openalex.org/W2098346479","https://openalex.org/W2121200972","https://openalex.org/W2128945468","https://openalex.org/W2138719936","https://openalex.org/W2139978474","https://openalex.org/W2337726216","https://openalex.org/W2399169235","https://openalex.org/W2572119010","https://openalex.org/W2766106298","https://openalex.org/W2962922900","https://openalex.org/W3098763939","https://openalex.org/W3102020296","https://openalex.org/W3103461411","https://openalex.org/W3106104013","https://openalex.org/W3145128584","https://openalex.org/W4246219036","https://openalex.org/W4256079738","https://openalex.org/W6605166902","https://openalex.org/W6607628921","https://openalex.org/W6661556376","https://openalex.org/W6712151236"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4232165261","https://openalex.org/W4251817561","https://openalex.org/W2079676826","https://openalex.org/W4238337057","https://openalex.org/W2387602844","https://openalex.org/W1548585588","https://openalex.org/W641281763","https://openalex.org/W632085907","https://openalex.org/W2291629196","https://openalex.org/W2932872266"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0],"traffic":[1,14],"analysis":[2,15,162],"reveals":[3],"important":[4],"information":[5,22],"even":[6],"when":[7],"messages":[8],"are":[9,48,132,169],"encrypted.":[10],"We":[11,103],"consider":[12,104],"active":[13],"via":[16],"flow":[17,122,130,167],"fingerprinting":[18],"by":[19,50,56,154],"invisibly":[20,145],"embedding":[21],"into":[23,36],"packet":[24,46],"timings":[25,47],"of":[26,38,41,66,79,100,113,139,175],"flows.":[27],"In":[28],"particular,":[29],"assume":[30],"Alice":[31,108,117,143],"wishes":[32,85],"to":[33,86,91,163],"embed":[34,146],"fingerprints":[35,90,110,119,147,151],"flows":[37,68,140],"a":[39,57,77],"set":[40,65],"network":[42,74,177],"input":[43,96],"links,":[44],"whose":[45],"modeled":[49,75],"Poisson":[51],"processes,":[52],"without":[53],"being":[54],"detected":[55],"watchful":[58],"adversary":[59],"Willie.":[60],"Bob,":[61],"who":[62],"receives":[63],"the":[64,73,93,101,114,129,136,159,164,173,176],"fingerprinted":[67],"after":[69],"they":[70],"pass":[71],"through":[72],"as":[76],"collection":[78],"independent":[80],"and":[81,97,161,171],"parallel":[82],"M/M/1":[83],"queues,":[84],"extract":[87],"Alice's":[88],"embedded":[89],"infer":[92],"connection":[94],"between":[95],"output":[98],"links":[99],"network.":[102],"two":[105],"scenarios:":[106],"1)":[107],"embeds":[109,118],"in":[111,120,141],"all":[112],"flows;":[115],"2)":[116],"each":[121],"independently":[123],"with":[124],"probability":[125],"p.":[126],"Assuming":[127],"that":[128],"rates":[131,168],"equal,":[133],"we":[134,157],"calculate":[135],"maximum":[137],"number":[138],"which":[142],"can":[144],"while":[148],"having":[149],"those":[150],"successfully":[152],"decoded":[153],"Bob.":[155],"Then,":[156],"extend":[158],"construction":[160],"case":[165],"where":[166],"distinct,":[170],"discuss":[172],"extension":[174],"model.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}