{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2593971914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acssc.2016.7869646","title":"Precise digital implementations of hyperbolic tanh and sigmoid function","display_name":"Precise digital implementations of hyperbolic tanh and sigmoid function","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2593971914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acssc.2016.7869646","mag":"2593971914"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/acssc.2016.7869646","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acssc.2016.7869646","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 50th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026827696","display_name":"Shaghayegh Gomar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9298-4358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shaghayegh Gomar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Centre for Integrated Microsystems Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre for Integrated Microsystems Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042170452","display_name":"Mitra Mirhassani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8512-6427"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mitra Mirhassani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Centre for Integrated Microsystems Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre for Integrated Microsystems Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035412745","display_name":"Majid Ahmadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5781-6754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Majid Ahmadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Centre for Integrated Microsystems Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre for Integrated Microsystems Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026827696"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7125,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95516758,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1586","last_page":"1589"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11034","display_name":"Digital Filter Design and Implementation","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperbolic-function","display_name":"Hyperbolic function","score":0.9302483797073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sigmoid-function","display_name":"Sigmoid function","score":0.8405615091323853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponential-function","display_name":"Exponential function","score":0.5185404419898987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activation-function","display_name":"Activation function","score":0.5102279186248779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5046676397323608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperbolic-coordinates","display_name":"Hyperbolic coordinates","score":0.4688730239868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-function","display_name":"Transfer function","score":0.4355437159538269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.42831724882125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.4129057824611664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.37251901626586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3723699450492859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperbolic-manifold","display_name":"Hyperbolic manifold","score":0.17783263325691223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17366313934326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.16532763838768005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07736194133758545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperbolic-equilibrium-point","display_name":"Hyperbolic equilibrium point","score":0.07585969567298889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.07227391004562378}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92047909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204034","display_name":"Hyperbolic function","level":2,"score":0.9302483797073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81388566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q526668","display_name":"Sigmoid function","level":3,"score":0.8405615091323853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151376022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168698","display_name":"Exponential function","level":2,"score":0.5185404419898987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38365724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677469","display_name":"Activation function","level":3,"score":0.5102279186248779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5046676397323608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55862258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1017238","display_name":"Hyperbolic coordinates","level":5,"score":0.4688730239868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81299745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334269","display_name":"Transfer function","level":2,"score":0.4355437159538269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.42831724882125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.4129057824611664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.37251901626586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3723699450492859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70984080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2619102","display_name":"Hyperbolic manifold","level":3,"score":0.17783263325691223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17366313934326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.16532763838768005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07736194133758545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51691630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3925833","display_name":"Hyperbolic equilibrium point","level":4,"score":0.07585969567298889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.07227391004562378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/acssc.2016.7869646","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acssc.2016.7869646","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 50th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310709","display_name":"CMC Microsystems","ror":"https://ror.org/03k70ea39"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1587217691","https://openalex.org/W1972425002","https://openalex.org/W1973695593","https://openalex.org/W2000956074","https://openalex.org/W2023745373","https://openalex.org/W2024745560","https://openalex.org/W2037748403","https://openalex.org/W2142343760","https://openalex.org/W2167425979","https://openalex.org/W2169621283"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4211198594","https://openalex.org/W4385451479","https://openalex.org/W4295036712","https://openalex.org/W2811324119","https://openalex.org/W3216434047","https://openalex.org/W3110577345","https://openalex.org/W3175461337","https://openalex.org/W2889196975","https://openalex.org/W2906090557","https://openalex.org/W4245811024"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sigmoid":[0],"and":[1,16,29,35],"Hyperbolic":[2],"Tangent":[3],"are":[4,18],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"as":[7],"activation":[8],"functions":[9,38,46,65],"in":[10],"artificial":[11],"neural":[12],"networks.":[13],"Exponential":[14],"term":[15],"division":[17],"basic":[19],"building":[20],"blocks":[21],"of":[22,44,72],"these":[23],"functions.":[24],"This":[25],"paper":[26],"proposes":[27],"precise":[28],"efficient":[30],"hardware":[31],"implementations":[32,55],"for":[33],"sigmoid":[34],"hyperbolic":[36],"tangent":[37],"using":[39],"exponential":[40],"function":[41],"approximation.":[42],"Performance":[43],"both":[45],"has":[47],"been":[48],"verified":[49],"which":[50],"shows":[51],"that":[52],"the":[53,62,67],"proposed":[54],"have":[56],"up":[57],"to":[58],"99.97%":[59],"similarity":[60],"with":[61],"ideal":[63],"transfer":[64],"while":[66],"circuits":[68],"take":[69],"maximum":[70],"2%":[71],"logic":[73],"resources":[74],"when":[75],"implemented":[76],"on":[77],"a":[78],"Vertex":[79],"IV":[80],"FPGA.":[81]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-15T23:16:33.117629","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}