{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392932289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acit58888.2023.10453867","title":"Threat Intelligence with Non-IID Data in Federated Learning enabled Intrusion Detection for SDN: An Experimental Study","display_name":"Threat Intelligence with Non-IID Data in Federated Learning enabled Intrusion Detection for SDN: An Experimental Study","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392932289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acit58888.2023.10453867"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/acit58888.2023.10453867","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acit58888.2023.10453867","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 24th International Arab Conference on Information Technology (ACIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006763163","display_name":"Syed Hussain Ali Kazmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9487-7441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Hussain Ali Kazmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,Center for Cyber Security,Selangor,Malaysia","Center for Cyber Security, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,Center for Cyber Security,Selangor,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber Security, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044120604","display_name":"Faizan Qamar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0390-7842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faizan Qamar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,Center for Cyber Security,Selangor,Malaysia","Center for Cyber Security, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,Center for Cyber Security,Selangor,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber Security, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069265026","display_name":"Rosilah Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1348-5804"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosilah Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,Center for Cyber Security,Selangor,Malaysia","Center for Cyber Security, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,Center for Cyber Security,Selangor,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber Security, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032408801","display_name":"Kashif Nisar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8092-4665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57093077","display_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/031rekg67","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kashif Nisar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swinburne University of Technology,Sydney,New South Wales,Australia,2150"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swinburne University of Technology,Sydney,New South Wales,Australia,2150","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077","https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024784169","display_name":"Dahlila Putri Binti Dahnil","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dahlila Putri Binti Dahnil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,Software Technology &#x0026; Management Research Center (Softam),Selangor,Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,Software Technology &#x0026; Management Research Center (Softam),Selangor,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081678536","display_name":"Mohammed Azmi Al\u2010Betar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1980-1791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182000528","display_name":"Ajman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01j1rma10","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Azmi Al-Betar","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering and Information Technology, Ajman University,Artificial Intelligence Research Center (AIRC),Ajman,UAE","Artificial Intelligence Research Center (AIRC), College of Engineering and Information Technology, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering and Information Technology, Ajman University,Artificial Intelligence Research Center (AIRC),Ajman,UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Research Center (AIRC), College of Engineering and Information Technology, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4467,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83656996,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.7395939826965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.736564040184021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-prevention-system","display_name":"Intrusion prevention system","score":0.5046066045761108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.42287373542785645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion","display_name":"Intrusion","score":0.41673707962036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.33983856439590454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.7395939826965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.736564040184021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27061796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion prevention system","level":3,"score":0.5046066045761108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.42287373542785645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158251709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q354025","display_name":"Intrusion","level":2,"score":0.41673707962036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.33983856439590454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17409809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764","display_name":"Geochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/acit58888.2023.10453867","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acit58888.2023.10453867","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 24th International Arab Conference on Information Technology (ACIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2560162835","https://openalex.org/W2782735691","https://openalex.org/W2791957585","https://openalex.org/W2889109290","https://openalex.org/W2924689635","https://openalex.org/W3110277274","https://openalex.org/W3134433380","https://openalex.org/W3165127907","https://openalex.org/W3173969732","https://openalex.org/W3177795942","https://openalex.org/W3196463200","https://openalex.org/W3213815372","https://openalex.org/W4206375275","https://openalex.org/W4210541099","https://openalex.org/W4220886040","https://openalex.org/W4292737460","https://openalex.org/W4293415892","https://openalex.org/W4308197883","https://openalex.org/W4313415198","https://openalex.org/W4313472702","https://openalex.org/W4313855656","https://openalex.org/W4315642187","https://openalex.org/W4366371414","https://openalex.org/W4378227637","https://openalex.org/W4379033895","https://openalex.org/W4387194838","https://openalex.org/W4387883653","https://openalex.org/W6790034021","https://openalex.org/W6857401008"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392603527","https://openalex.org/W2390009783","https://openalex.org/W2348767155","https://openalex.org/W2388497169","https://openalex.org/W3120393658","https://openalex.org/W4283700121","https://openalex.org/W1496376327","https://openalex.org/W2357468538","https://openalex.org/W1513478798","https://openalex.org/W2133389611"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,5,75,86,103,133,166],"realm":[2],"of":[3,32,77,89,135,144,157,168],"cybersecurity,":[4],"ever-evolving":[6],"threat":[7,33,90,160],"landscape":[8],"necessitates":[9],"innovative":[10],"approaches":[11],"to":[12,61,131],"design":[13],"Intrusion":[14],"Detection":[15],"Systems":[16],"(IDS).":[17],"Software-Defined":[18],"Networking":[19],"(SDN)":[20],"integrated":[21],"with":[22],"Deep":[23],"Learning":[24,52],"(DL)":[25],"has":[26,54],"emerged":[27],"as":[28],"a":[29],"transformative":[30],"paradigm":[31],"intelligence":[34],"in":[35,41,81,94,149,155],"IDS.":[36],"However,":[37],"centralized":[38],"data":[39,123,137,154],"processing":[40],"DL":[42],"based":[43],"IDS":[44],"causes":[45],"privacy":[46],"issues.":[47],"Within":[48],"this":[49],"context,":[50],"Federated":[51],"(FL)":[53],"gained":[55],"significant":[56],"attention":[57],"for":[58,152,171],"its":[59],"potential":[60],"enhance":[62],"intrusion":[63,79,105],"detection":[64,80],"while":[65],"maintaining":[66],"privacy.":[67],"This":[68],"study":[69],"presents":[70],"an":[71],"experimental":[72],"investigation":[73],"into":[74],"efficacy":[76],"FL-enabled":[78],"SDN":[82],"environments,":[83],"specifically":[84],"addressing":[85],"challenging":[87],"aspect":[88],"specific":[91],"features":[92,139,150],"selection":[93],"Non-IID":[95,136,153],"(Non-Independently":[96],"and":[97,119,159],"Identically":[98],"Distributed)":[99],"data.":[100],"We":[101],"used":[102],"InSDN":[104],"dataset":[106],"containing":[107],"different":[108],"attacks":[109],"including":[110],"Denial-of-Service":[111],"(DoS),":[112],"Distributed-DoS":[113],"(DDoS),":[114],"brute":[115],"force,":[116],"probe,":[117],"web":[118],"botnet":[120],"attacks.":[121],"After":[122],"pre-processing,":[124],"Principal":[125],"Component":[126],"Analysis":[127],"(PCA)":[128],"is":[129],"applied":[130],"analyze":[132],"impact":[134],"on":[138],"importance.":[140],"The":[141],"detailed":[142],"results":[143,170],"simulations":[145],"show":[146],"large":[147],"variations":[148],"importance":[151],"terms":[156],"quantity":[158],"type":[161],"distribution.":[162],"Furthermore,":[163],"we":[164],"discuss":[165],"implications":[167],"our":[169],"future":[172],"research":[173],"directions.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T08:55:40.977307","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
