{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3212200134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acii52823.2021.9597457","title":"Trace It Like You Believe It: Time-Continuous Believability Prediction","display_name":"Trace It Like You Believe It: Time-Continuous Believability Prediction","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3212200134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acii52823.2021.9597457","mag":"3212200134"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/acii52823.2021.9597457","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acii52823.2021.9597457","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 9th International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/80763","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031131914","display_name":"Cristiana Pacheco","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristiana Pacheco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038128134","display_name":"D\u00e1vid Melh\u00e1rt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2692-7061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197854408","display_name":"University of Malta","ror":"https://ror.org/03a62bv60","country_code":"MT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}],"countries":["MT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Melhart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Digital Games, University of Malta, Msida, Malta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Digital Games, University of Malta, Msida, Malta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012075090","display_name":"Antonios Liapis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5554-1961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197854408","display_name":"University of Malta","ror":"https://ror.org/03a62bv60","country_code":"MT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}],"countries":["MT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonios Liapis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Digital Games, University of Malta, Msida, Malta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Digital Games, University of Malta, Msida, Malta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102978041","display_name":"Georgios N. Yannakakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2728-4026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197854408","display_name":"University of Malta","ror":"https://ror.org/03a62bv60","country_code":"MT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}],"countries":["MT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgios N. Yannakakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Digital Games, University of Malta, Msida, Malta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Digital Games, University of Malta, Msida, Malta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058274276","display_name":"Diego P\u00e9rez-Li\u00e9bana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-0212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diego Perez-Liebana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3819,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68377515,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7809520363807678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","score":0.645314633846283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.5071837902069092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5061134696006775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.48261579871177673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.46429356932640076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granularity","display_name":"Granularity","score":0.4192255139350891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.41740483045578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.4144122898578644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36041849851608276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.14302632212638855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07785302400588989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.07719427347183228}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7809520363807678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.645314633846283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.5071837902069092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5061134696006775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48261579871177673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.46429356932640076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.4192255139350891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.41740483045578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4144122898578644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36041849851608276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.14302632212638855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07785302400588989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.07719427347183228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/acii52823.2021.9597457","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acii52823.2021.9597457","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 9th International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.um.edu.mt:123456789/80763","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/80763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400782","display_name":"OAR@UM (University of Malta)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I197854408","host_organization_name":"University of Malta","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qmro.qmul.ac.uk:123456789/81740","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/81740","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400530","display_name":"Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","host_organization_name":"Queen Mary University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Proceeding"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:www.um.edu.mt:123456789/80763","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/80763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400782","display_name":"OAR@UM (University of Malta)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I197854408","host_organization_name":"University of Malta","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W116902681","https://openalex.org/W206690697","https://openalex.org/W1527117961","https://openalex.org/W1561555069","https://openalex.org/W1824867705","https://openalex.org/W1837130728","https://openalex.org/W1968909098","https://openalex.org/W1973919178","https://openalex.org/W1977137834","https://openalex.org/W1981950962","https://openalex.org/W2032205920","https://openalex.org/W2043181832","https://openalex.org/W2090932222","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2121862340","https://openalex.org/W2122977642","https://openalex.org/W2125771191","https://openalex.org/W2129683197","https://openalex.org/W2142341984","https://openalex.org/W2145482038","https://openalex.org/W2145598468","https://openalex.org/W2147827786","https://openalex.org/W2151162056","https://openalex.org/W2181873835","https://openalex.org/W2185981305","https://openalex.org/W2404446881","https://openalex.org/W2464629226","https://openalex.org/W2591385657","https://openalex.org/W2615156603","https://openalex.org/W2741033833","https://openalex.org/W2787876196","https://openalex.org/W2792893218","https://openalex.org/W2810602713","https://openalex.org/W2892300795","https://openalex.org/W2897242117","https://openalex.org/W2900358852","https://openalex.org/W2912748147","https://openalex.org/W2976667798","https://openalex.org/W2982316857","https://openalex.org/W2994890005","https://openalex.org/W2996235414","https://openalex.org/W3004731477","https://openalex.org/W3046518251","https://openalex.org/W3099518626","https://openalex.org/W3113354670","https://openalex.org/W3125485760","https://openalex.org/W3133328577","https://openalex.org/W3135881488","https://openalex.org/W3145506661","https://openalex.org/W4206288734","https://openalex.org/W4210267733","https://openalex.org/W4241072669","https://openalex.org/W4254114471","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4297957988","https://openalex.org/W4307979480","https://openalex.org/W6604828220","https://openalex.org/W6608315494","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6678059889","https://openalex.org/W6682027787","https://openalex.org/W6686742002","https://openalex.org/W6755756314","https://openalex.org/W6781741225"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2931688134","https://openalex.org/W2377919138","https://openalex.org/W2378857091","https://openalex.org/W2999756192","https://openalex.org/W103652678","https://openalex.org/W4226090359","https://openalex.org/W2059697060","https://openalex.org/W936373746","https://openalex.org/W2886370824","https://openalex.org/W2743738614"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Assessing":[0],"the":[1,23,44,54,69,104,141,171],"believability":[2,77,98,120,160],"of":[3,34,56,140],"agents,":[4],"characters":[5],"and":[6,31,51,106,144],"simulated":[7],"actors":[8],"is":[9],"a":[10,48,79,83,130,136,156,162,175],"core":[11],"challenge":[12],"for":[13,43,62,96],"human":[14],"computer":[15],"interaction.":[16],"While":[17],"numerous":[18],"approaches":[19],"are":[20,26,94,115,152],"suggested":[21],"in":[22,78,158,170,174],"literature,":[24],"they":[25],"all":[27],"limited":[28],"to":[29,71,118,135,154,168],"discrete":[30,131],"low-granularity":[32],"representations":[33],"believable":[35],"behavior.":[36],"In":[37,65],"this":[38],"paper":[39],"we":[40,52,67,73],"view":[41],"believability,":[42],"first":[45],"time,":[46],"as":[47],"time-continuous":[49,176],"phenomenon":[50],"explore":[53],"suitability":[55],"two":[57],"different":[58],"affect":[59],"annotation":[60,132],"schemes":[61],"its":[63],"assessment.":[64],"particular,":[66],"study":[68],"degree":[70],"which":[72],"can":[74],"predict":[75,119,155],"character":[76],"continuous":[80],"fashion":[81],"through":[82],"two-player":[84],"game":[85,88,105],"study.":[86],"The":[87],"features":[89],"various":[90],"opponent":[91],"behaviors":[92],"that":[93,102,129],"assessed":[95],"their":[97,109],"by":[99],"89":[100],"participants":[101],"played":[103],"then":[107,116],"annotated":[108],"recorded":[110],"playthrough.":[111],"Random":[112],"forest":[113],"models":[114,151],"trained":[117],"based":[121],"on":[122,165],"ad-hoc":[123],"designed":[124],"in-game":[125],"features.":[126],"Results":[127],"suggest":[128],"method":[133],"leads":[134],"more":[137],"robust":[138],"assessment":[139],"ground":[142],"truth":[143],"subsequently":[145],"better":[146],"modelling":[147],"performance.":[148],"Our":[149],"best":[150,172],"able":[153],"change":[157],"perceived":[159],"with":[161],"72.5%":[163],"accuracy":[164],"average":[166],"(up":[167],"90%":[169],"cases)":[173],"manner.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}