{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2787570973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acii.2017.8273652","title":"Using natural language processing tools to develop complex models of student engagement","display_name":"Using natural language processing tools to develop complex models of student engagement","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2787570973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acii.2017.8273652","mag":"2787570973"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/acii.2017.8273652","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acii.2017.8273652","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 Seventh International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043507961","display_name":"Stefan Slater","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-1516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127693","display_name":"Penn Center for AIDS Research","ror":"https://ror.org/047939x15","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322052","https://openalex.org/I1335321130","https://openalex.org/I4210127693","https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Slater","raw_affiliation_strings":["Penn Center for Learning Analytics, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Penn Center for Learning Analytics, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127693","https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075465170","display_name":"Jaclyn Ocumpaugh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9667-8523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127693","display_name":"Penn Center for AIDS Research","ror":"https://ror.org/047939x15","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322052","https://openalex.org/I1335321130","https://openalex.org/I4210127693","https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaclyn Ocumpaugh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Penn Center for Learning Analytics, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Penn Center for Learning Analytics, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127693","https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088695714","display_name":"Ryan S. Baker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3051-3232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127693","display_name":"Penn Center for AIDS Research","ror":"https://ror.org/047939x15","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322052","https://openalex.org/I1335321130","https://openalex.org/I4210127693","https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Baker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Penn Center for Learning Analytics, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Penn Center for Learning Analytics, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127693","https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083004971","display_name":"Ma. Victoria Almeda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5172-6467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ma. Victoria Almeda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Teachers College of Columbia University, New York, NY, US"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Teachers College of Columbia University, New York, NY, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034122103","display_name":"Laura K. Allen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5582-1402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Allen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078998782","display_name":"Neil T. Heffernan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3280-288X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil Heffernan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043507961"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127693","https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5851,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77242554,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"542","last_page":"547"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boredom","display_name":"Boredom","score":0.923941433429718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6524611711502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tutor","display_name":"TUTOR","score":0.642784833908081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion","display_name":"Confusion","score":0.6188251972198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.54515141248703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5052374005317688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-engagement","display_name":"Student engagement","score":0.47749894857406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4539463520050049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.38685575127601624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.291559100151062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.08208239078521729}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777589236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34255","display_name":"Boredom","level":2,"score":0.923941433429718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6524611711502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778371403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7672049","display_name":"TUTOR","level":2,"score":0.642784833908081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.6188251972198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.54515141248703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5052374005317688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194519906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7627827","display_name":"Student engagement","level":2,"score":0.47749894857406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4539463520050049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.38685575127601624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.291559100151062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.08208239078521729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/acii.2017.8273652","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acii.2017.8273652","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 Seventh International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11344048","https://openalex.org/W203215277","https://openalex.org/W1559799550","https://openalex.org/W1594619524","https://openalex.org/W1853370257","https://openalex.org/W1918592146","https://openalex.org/W1918776538","https://openalex.org/W1995864528","https://openalex.org/W2031213082","https://openalex.org/W2034849674","https://openalex.org/W2058064543","https://openalex.org/W2066646430","https://openalex.org/W2072035149","https://openalex.org/W2105043933","https://openalex.org/W2106695994","https://openalex.org/W2135514714","https://openalex.org/W2160133757","https://openalex.org/W2313754513","https://openalex.org/W2468550561","https://openalex.org/W2586190165","https://openalex.org/W2593721955","https://openalex.org/W2740666060","https://openalex.org/W6733210173"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W318616257","https://openalex.org/W3118254946","https://openalex.org/W3026775601","https://openalex.org/W2917043877","https://openalex.org/W2035863303","https://openalex.org/W2139976611","https://openalex.org/W4386479718","https://openalex.org/W4234657158","https://openalex.org/W3121061808","https://openalex.org/W4285999297"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"examines":[2],"the":[3,75,85,97],"effect":[4],"of":[5,19,88,99],"different":[6],"linguistic":[7,86],"features":[8],"(as":[9],"identified":[10],"through":[11],"Natural":[12],"Language":[13],"Processing":[14],"tools)":[15],"on":[16,30,96,101],"affective":[17],"measures":[18],"student":[20,41],"engagement":[21,79],"using":[22,33,42],"a":[23,39,93],"discovery":[24],"with":[25],"models":[26],"approach.":[27],"We":[28,66],"build":[29],"previous":[31],"literature,":[32],"automated":[34],"detectors":[35],"that":[36],"identify":[37,56],"when":[38],"middle-school":[40],"an":[43],"online":[44],"mathematics":[45,102],"tutor":[46],"is":[47],"experiencing":[48],"boredom,":[49],"confusion,":[50],"frustration,":[51],"or":[52],"engaged":[53],"concentration,":[54],"to":[55,73,77,84,92],"which":[57,78],"problems":[58],"are":[59],"most":[60],"engaging":[61],"(or":[62],"not)":[63],"at":[64],"scale.":[65],"then":[67],"apply":[68],"previously":[69],"validated":[70],"NLP":[71],"tools":[72],"determine":[74],"degree":[76],"findings":[80],"may":[81],"be":[82],"related":[83],"properties":[87],"word":[89],"problems,":[90],"contributing":[91],"growing":[94],"literature":[95],"effects":[98],"language":[100],"learning.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}