{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2141381813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acii.2009.5349438","title":"A comparison of PCA, KPCA and LDA for feature extraction to recognize affect in gait kinematics","display_name":"A comparison of PCA, KPCA and LDA for feature extraction to recognize affect in gait kinematics","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2141381813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acii.2009.5349438","mag":"2141381813"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/acii.2009.5349438","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acii.2009.5349438","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 3rd International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction and Workshops","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112073399","display_name":"Michelle Karg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157642","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/056qj1t15","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157642","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michelle Karg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automatic Control Engineering, TU M\u00fcnchen, Munich","Institute of Automatic Control Engineering, Technical University of M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automatic Control Engineering, TU M\u00fcnchen, Munich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157642"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automatic Control Engineering, Technical University of M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002124232","display_name":"Robert Jenke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4027-1249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157642","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/056qj1t15","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157642","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Jenke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automatic Control Engineering, TU M\u00fcnchen, Munich","Institute of Automatic Control Engineering, Technical University of M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automatic Control Engineering, TU M\u00fcnchen, Munich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157642"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automatic Control Engineering, Technical University of M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072489068","display_name":"Wolfgang Seiberl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6012-1301"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Seiberl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biomechanics in Sports, TU M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomechanics in Sports, TU M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000110057","display_name":"Kolja Kuuhnlenz","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kolja Kuuhnlenz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Bayern, DE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Bayern, DE","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028301845","display_name":"Ansgar Schwirtz","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ansgar Schwirtz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biomechanics in Sports, TU M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomechanics in Sports, TU M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081223790","display_name":"Martin Buss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1776-2752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157642","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/056qj1t15","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157642","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Buss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automatic Control Engineering, TU M\u00fcnchen, Munich","Institute of Automatic Control Engineering, Technical University of M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automatic Control Engineering, TU M\u00fcnchen, Munich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157642"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automatic Control Engineering, Technical University of M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7566,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97354325,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7649068832397461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.7554888725280762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.6711121797561646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Kernel principal component analysis","score":0.6369882225990295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6343345046043396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5997225642204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5362095236778259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.5252401828765869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinematics","display_name":"Kinematics","score":0.5116736888885498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.47257959842681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-capture","display_name":"Motion capture","score":0.4502066671848297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.4293368458747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.3501550853252411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.27590125799179077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.25631284713745117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.14012974500656128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-method","display_name":"Kernel method","score":0.13064461946487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.09977397322654724}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7649068832397461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.7554888725280762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.6711121797561646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182335926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17093020","display_name":"Kernel principal component analysis","level":4,"score":0.6369882225990295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6343345046043396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5997225642204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5362095236778259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.5252401828765869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.5116736888885498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.47257959842681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48007421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676252","display_name":"Motion capture","level":3,"score":0.4502066671848297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4293368458747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3501550853252411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.27590125799179077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.25631284713745117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.14012974500656128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122280245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620622","display_name":"Kernel method","level":3,"score":0.13064461946487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.09977397322654724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/acii.2009.5349438","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acii.2009.5349438","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 3rd International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction and Workshops","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.191.572","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.191.572","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.lsr.ei.tum.de/fileadmin/publications/kuehnlenz/acii.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1564084013","https://openalex.org/W1587559447","https://openalex.org/W1606940347","https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W1974076946","https://openalex.org/W1985706701","https://openalex.org/W1986874010","https://openalex.org/W1987262989","https://openalex.org/W1990717412","https://openalex.org/W2003653478","https://openalex.org/W2069002413","https://openalex.org/W2083231156","https://openalex.org/W2097909335","https://openalex.org/W2134262590","https://openalex.org/W2137570937","https://openalex.org/W2152194780","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2339343773","https://openalex.org/W2498787287","https://openalex.org/W2799061466","https://openalex.org/W3120421331","https://openalex.org/W4205687621","https://openalex.org/W4212863985","https://openalex.org/W4243552016","https://openalex.org/W4313169793","https://openalex.org/W6636255736"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2534878021","https://openalex.org/W2376141492","https://openalex.org/W2512565647","https://openalex.org/W2250488071","https://openalex.org/W2356150353","https://openalex.org/W2380744779","https://openalex.org/W2115481915","https://openalex.org/W4236844032","https://openalex.org/W3156454664","https://openalex.org/W3205608944"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"investigates":[2],"recognition":[3,20,79,97],"of":[4,29,75,80,88,119],"affect":[5,19],"in":[6,12,66,107,114],"human":[7],"walking":[8],"as":[9,100],"daily":[10],"motion,":[11],"order":[13],"to":[14,57,72,95],"provide":[15],"a":[16,26,90,125],"means":[17],"for":[18,62,77],"at":[21],"distance.":[22],"For":[23],"this":[24],"purpose,":[25],"data":[27],"base":[28],"affective":[30,83,103,127],"gait":[31,120],"patterns":[32],"from":[33,133],"non-professional":[34],"actors":[35],"has":[36],"been":[37],"recorded":[38],"with":[39,68,131],"optical":[40],"motion":[41],"tracking.":[42],"Principal":[43],"Component":[44],"Analysis":[45,53],"(PCA),":[46],"Kernel":[47],"PCA":[48],"(KPCA)":[49],"and":[50,60],"Linear":[51],"Discriminant":[52],"(LDA)":[54],"are":[55,111,129],"applied":[56],"kinematic":[58],"parameters":[59],"compared":[61],"feature":[63],"extraction.":[64],"LDA":[65],"combination":[67],"Naive":[69],"Bayes":[70],"leads":[71],"an":[73],"accuracy":[74],"91%":[76],"person-dependent":[78],"four":[81],"discrete":[82],"states":[84,104],"based":[85],"on":[86],"observation":[87],"barely":[89],"single":[91],"stride.":[92],"Extra-success":[93],"comparing":[94],"inter-individual":[96],"is":[98,121],"twice":[99],"much.":[101],"Furthermore,":[102],"which":[105],"differ":[106],"arousal":[108],"or":[109],"dominance":[110],"better":[112],"recognizable":[113,130],"walking.":[115],"Though":[116],"primary":[117],"task":[118],"locomotion,":[122],"cues":[123],"about":[124],"walker's":[126],"state":[128],"techniques":[132],"machine":[134],"learning.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}