{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7168142959","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3712444","title":"Fluid-Based Reconfigurable Antenna for Frequency and Pattern Control in S-Band","display_name":"Fluid-Based Reconfigurable Antenna for Frequency and Pattern Control in S-Band","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7168142959","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3712444"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3712444","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3712444","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3712444","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002062940","display_name":"J Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3910-9388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaemin Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chungbuk National University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9411-9005","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chungbuk National University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074454202","display_name":"Domin Choi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Domin Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chungbuk National University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5078-1915","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chungbuk National University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084638091","display_name":"Wahaj Abbas Awan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4397-4211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wahaj Abbas Awan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gachon University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0209-2804","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gachon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025061867","display_name":"Md. Abu Sufian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2995-6551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80611190","display_name":"Jeonbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/05q92br09","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80611190"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Abu Sufian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jeonbuk National University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2995-6551","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jeonbuk National University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80611190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113454416","display_name":"Y H Choi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chungbuk Technopark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9889-9613","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chungbuk Technopark","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083210688","display_name":"Nam Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8109-2055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nam Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chungbuk National University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8109-2055","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chungbuk National University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93116022,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"105910","last_page":"105920"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.4390999972820282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.4390999972820282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.11909999698400497,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.039400000125169754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconfigurable-antenna","display_name":"Reconfigurable antenna","score":0.6036999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.4408999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-pattern","display_name":"Radiation pattern","score":0.4228000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-analysis","display_name":"Pattern analysis","score":0.32109999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-antenna","display_name":"Smart antenna","score":0.3199000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-antenna","display_name":"Directional antenna","score":0.3102000057697296}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6121000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131369404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554278","display_name":"Reconfigurable antenna","level":5,"score":0.6036999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.4408999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.42489999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151764478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571921","display_name":"Radiation pattern","level":3,"score":0.4228000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985264313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378859","display_name":"Pattern analysis","level":2,"score":0.32109999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143635782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187868","display_name":"Smart antenna","level":4,"score":0.3199000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.3102000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158616128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771260","display_name":"Antenna measurement","level":3,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170349913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13402882","display_name":"Microstrip antenna","level":3,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8590192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054694","display_name":"Frequency response","level":2,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3712444","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3712444","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cc4ba637f2f648f08629301f4e93f612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cc4ba637f2f648f08629301f4e93f612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 105910-105920 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3712444","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3712444","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7896451950073242}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,14,18,113,127,141,153,206],"fluid-controlled":[4],"reconfigurable":[5],"antenna":[6,12,205],"for":[7,23,209],"S-band":[8,211],"wireless":[9],"applications.":[10],"The":[11,167],"employs":[13],"monopole":[15],"radiator":[16],"on":[17],"partial":[19],"ground":[20,40],"plane":[21,41],"optimized":[22],"2.4":[24],"GHz":[25,73],"operation":[26],"with":[27,107],"an":[28],"omnidirectional":[29],"radiation":[30,160],"pattern.":[31],"Two":[32],"distilled-water":[33],"fluidic":[34],"channels":[35],"are":[36],"integrated":[37],"into":[38,91],"the":[39,58,62,95,99,121,125,173,191,203],"to":[42,54,65,74,133,172],"enable":[43],"both":[44],"frequency":[45,64,196],"and":[46,69,85,118,146,159,183,197,219],"pattern":[47,83,198],"reconfiguration.":[48,187],"Unlike":[49],"conventional":[50],"electronic":[51],"tuning":[52],"limited":[53],"discrete":[55],"states,":[56],"varying":[57],"fluid":[59,80,90,116],"volume":[60,117,122],"allows":[61],"resonant":[63],"be":[66],"tuned":[67],"continuously":[68],"precisely":[70],"from":[71],"2.02":[72],"2.52":[75],"GHz.":[76],"More":[77],"importantly,":[78],"asymmetric":[79],"filling":[81],"enables":[82],"reconfiguration":[84],"beam":[86,129],"steering;":[87],"selectively":[88],"injecting":[89],"one":[92],"channel":[93],"focuses":[94],"radiated":[96],"energy":[97],"in":[98],"opposite":[100],"direction,":[101],"thereby":[102],"achieving":[103],"directional":[104],"steering":[105,130],"along":[106],"gain":[108,155],"enhancement.":[109],"Furthermore,":[110],"by":[111],"maintaining":[112],"constant":[114],"total":[115],"adjusting":[119],"only":[120],"ratio":[123],"between":[124],"channels,":[126],"bidirectional":[128],"of":[131,156,177,195],"up":[132],"±4°":[134],"is":[135,170],"successfully":[136],"realized":[137],"while":[138],"completely":[139],"preserving":[140],"stable":[142],"center":[143],"frequency.":[144],"Simulated":[145],"measured":[147],"results":[148],"demonstrate":[149],"consistent":[150],"impedance":[151],"matching,":[152],"peak":[154],"4.28":[157],"dBi,":[158],"efficiency":[161,169],"exceeding":[162],"98%":[163],"across":[164],"all":[165],"configurations.":[166],"high":[168,200],"attributed":[171],"low-loss":[174],"dielectric":[175,184],"nature":[176],"distilled":[178],"water,":[179],"which":[180],"minimizes":[181],"conductive":[182],"losses":[185],"during":[186],"These":[188],"characteristics,":[189],"particularly":[190],"independent,":[192],"continuous":[193],"control":[194],"alongside":[199],"efficiency,":[201],"make":[202],"proposed":[204],"strong":[207],"candidate":[208],"adaptive":[210],"systems":[212],"such":[213],"as":[214],"IoT":[215],"devices,":[216],"sensor":[217],"networks,":[218],"software-defined":[220],"radios.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T15:57:00.446498","created_date":"2026-07-14T00:00:00"}