{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7167601346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3710747","title":"Fun-Aware Modeling and Narrative Generation Using LLMs for Role-Playing Games","display_name":"Fun-Aware Modeling and Narrative Generation Using LLMs for Role-Playing Games","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7167601346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3710747"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3710747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3710747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3710747","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000437305","display_name":"Yoones A. Sekhavat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3654-9583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131232","display_name":"Modern College of Business and Science","ror":"https://ror.org/02hvzvg02","country_code":"OM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131232"]}],"countries":["OM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoones A. Sekhavat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Modern College of Business and Science, Muscat, Oman"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3654-9583","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Modern College of Business and Science, Muscat, Oman","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131232"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077031438","display_name":"Joseph Mani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3011-1735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131232","display_name":"Modern College of Business and Science","ror":"https://ror.org/02hvzvg02","country_code":"OM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131232"]}],"countries":["OM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Mani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Modern College of Business and Science, Muscat, Oman"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3011-1735","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Modern College of Business and Science, Muscat, Oman","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131232"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131232"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89412324,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"102264","last_page":"102281"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9343000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9343000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.019600000232458115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.01209999993443489,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrative","display_name":"Narrative","score":0.7501999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-studies","display_name":"Game studies","score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-computing","display_name":"History of computing","score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.2565000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.7501999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5504000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2723826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q675281","display_name":"Game studies","level":2,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778653333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2735691","display_name":"History of computing","level":2,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.2565000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3710747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3710747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ca2f52085447466eac2c0287efd3b091","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ca2f52085447466eac2c0287efd3b091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 102264-102281 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3710747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3710747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Creating":[0],"engaging":[1],"narratives":[2,90,104,144],"for":[3],"role-playing":[4],"games":[5],"(RPGs)":[6],"remains":[7],"a":[8,39,49],"challenge.":[9],"Traditional":[10],"handcrafted":[11],"and":[12,78,98,119,185,216,222],"branching":[13,187],"story":[14,55],"systems":[15],"offer":[16],"limited":[17],"adaptability,":[18],"while":[19,105],"large":[20],"language":[21],"models":[22],"(LLMs)":[23],"typically":[24],"optimize":[25],"linguistic":[26],"quality":[27],"rather":[28],"than":[29],"player":[30,95],"enjoyment.":[31],"To":[32,136],"address":[33],"this":[34,36],"gap,":[35],"study":[37,83],"proposes":[38],"fun-aware":[40,89,159],"LLM-based":[41],"narrative":[42,60,73,107,147,220,226],"generation":[43],"framework":[44,58,160],"that":[45,88,203],"treats":[46],"fun":[47,117,164,205],"as":[48,206],"dynamic,":[50],"multi-dimensional":[51],"signal":[52],"guiding":[53],"iterative":[54],"generation.":[56],"The":[57],"evaluates":[59],"segments":[61,148],"using":[62],"six":[63],"interpretable":[64],"features:":[65],"surprise":[66],"with":[67,101,155],"coherence,":[68],"agency":[69],"density,":[70],"tension":[71],"oscillation,":[72],"payoff":[74],"ratio,":[75],"tonal":[76],"variability,":[77],"rule-bending":[79],"moments.":[80],"A":[81],"human-subject":[82],"involving":[84],"24":[85],"participants":[86],"showed":[87],"significantly":[91],"improved":[92],"perceived":[93],"enjoyment,":[94],"agency,":[96],"novelty,":[97],"replayability":[99],"compared":[100],"baseline":[102,156],"LLM-generated":[103],"maintaining":[106],"coherence.":[108,227],"Correlation":[109],"analysis":[110],"further":[111,137],"revealed":[112],"strong":[113],"agreement":[114],"between":[115],"computational":[116,217],"estimates":[118],"human":[120],"enjoyment":[121],"ratings":[122],"(<inline-formula>":[123,166,177,189],"<tex-math":[124,167,178,190],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$r":[125],"=":[126,169,180,192],"0.71$":[127],"</tex-math></inline-formula>),":[128],"supporting":[129],"the":[130,133,139,158],"validity":[131],"of":[132,219],"proposed":[134],"metrics.":[135],"evaluate":[138],"framework,":[140],"80":[141],"paired":[142],"RPG":[143],"comprising":[145],"944":[146],"were":[149],"generated":[150],"under":[151],"controlled":[152],"conditions.":[153],"Compared":[154],"narratives,":[157],"produced":[161],"higher":[162],"composite":[163],"scores":[165],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$M":[168,179,191],"5.82$":[170],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[171,182,194],"vs.":[172,183,195],"4.71),":[173],"greater":[174],"event":[175],"novelty":[176],"6.77$":[181],"4.91),":[184],"richer":[186],"structures":[188],"2.34$":[193],"1.58":[196],"choices":[197],"per":[198],"segment).":[199],"These":[200],"findings":[201],"suggest":[202],"modeling":[204],"an":[207],"explicit":[208],"design":[209],"objective":[210],"can":[211],"improve":[212],"both":[213],"player-perceived":[214],"engagement":[215],"measures":[218],"diversity":[221],"interactivity":[223],"without":[224],"compromising":[225]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2026-07-08T00:00:00"}