{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165868836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3707468","title":"Deep Learning-Driven Aerial 3-D Object Detection for Traffic Monitoring Using Completed LiDAR Point Clouds","display_name":"Deep Learning-Driven Aerial 3-D Object Detection for Traffic Monitoring Using Completed LiDAR Point Clouds","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165868836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3707468"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3707468","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3707468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3707468","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092527697","display_name":"Baya Cherif","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117222138","display_name":"Abu Dhabi University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r3kjq03","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baya Cherif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021394822","display_name":"Hakim Ghazzai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8636-4264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hakim Ghazzai","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8636-4264","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087382811","display_name":"Mohamed Hadded","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2294-2237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117222138","display_name":"Abu Dhabi University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r3kjq03","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Hadded","raw_affiliation_strings":["Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2294-2237","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135379051","display_name":"Ahmad Alsharoa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1880-5224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092198","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Flint","ror":"https://ror.org/01c3xc117","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092198"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Alsharoa","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Innovation and Technology, University of Michigan–Flint, Flint, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1880-5224","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Innovation and Technology, University of Michigan–Flint, Flint, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139329459","display_name":"Jean-Philliple Monteuuis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111675","display_name":"Market Matters","ror":"https://ror.org/021yan307","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111675"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Philliple Monteuuis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm Inc., San Diego, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7712-1132","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm Inc., San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596","https://openalex.org/I4210111675"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063416376","display_name":"Mourad Elhadef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4085-7634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117222138","display_name":"Abu Dhabi University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r3kjq03","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mourad Elhadef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4085-7634","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062714455","display_name":"Gianluca Setti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2496-1856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianluca Setti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Telecommunication, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2496-1856","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Telecommunication, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83220147,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"99336","last_page":"99348"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.614300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.614300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.07169999927282333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.04520000144839287,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.742900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6748999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.5891000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.41269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.3176000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerial-imagery","display_name":"Aerial imagery","score":0.2953000068664551}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.742900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6930999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6748999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.5891000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5394999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5005000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4724999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.41269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.3176000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987819851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191839","display_name":"Aerial imagery","level":2,"score":0.2953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778999744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208292","display_name":"Point target","level":3,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176262533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4688034","display_name":"Aerial survey","level":2,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203595873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25389927","display_name":"Change detection","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989048297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930654","display_name":"Radar detection","level":3,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3707468","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3707468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b88ff5e0db074a82a1550e89ab7027f9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b88ff5e0db074a82a1550e89ab7027f9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 99336-99348 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3707468","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3707468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,97,101,186,221],"deep":[4],"learning-driven":[5],"framework":[6,31,89],"for":[7,78,211],"aerial":[8,52,218],"3D":[9,39,80,98,208],"object":[10,40,209],"detection":[11,41,81,132,143,154,164,170,210],"of":[12,21,84,103,162,194,202,224],"road":[13],"users,":[14],"aimed":[15],"at":[16,138,149,171],"enhancing":[17],"the":[18,44,59,75,159,174,191,195,200],"monitoring":[19],"capabilities":[20],"LiDAR-equipped":[22],"Unmanned":[23],"Aerial":[24],"Vehicles":[25],"(UAVs)":[26],"in":[27,50],"traffic":[28,213],"environments.":[29],"The":[30,88],"integrates":[32],"advanced":[33],"point":[34,54,70,121,127,204],"cloud":[35,71,128,205],"completion":[36,129,206],"with":[37,207,220],"state-of-the-art":[38],"to":[42,68,136,147,153],"address":[43],"data":[45],"sparsity":[46],"and":[47,64,82,86,106,119,141,157,226],"incompleteness":[48],"inherent":[49],"raw":[51],"LiDAR":[53],"clouds.":[55],"Specifically,":[56],"we":[57],"employ":[58],"Point":[60],"Completion":[61],"Network":[62],"(PCN)":[63],"PoinTransformer":[65],"(PoinTr)":[66],"models":[67],"enhance":[69],"quality,":[72],"followed":[73],"by":[74,134,145,165],"PV-RCNN":[76],"model":[77],"robust":[79],"classification":[83],"vehicles":[85],"pedestrians.":[87],"is":[90,109],"validated":[91],"on":[92,185],"synthetic":[93],"datasets":[94],"generated":[95],"using":[96],"simulator":[99],"across":[100],"range":[102],"UAV":[104],"altitudes,":[105],"its":[107],"robustness":[108],"further":[110],"assessed":[111],"under":[112],"realistic":[113],"input":[114],"degradation":[115],"including":[116],"Gaussian":[117],"noise":[118],"random":[120],"dropout.":[122],"Results":[123],"show":[124],"that":[125],"integrating":[126],"improves":[130],"car":[131],"AP":[133,144],"up":[135,146],"7%":[137],"high":[139],"altitudes":[140,151,172],"pedestrian":[142,163],"17%":[148],"mid-range":[150],"compared":[152],"without":[155],"completion,":[156],"extends":[158],"operational":[160,228],"envelope":[161],"20":[166],"m,":[167],"enabling":[168,215],"reliable":[169],"where":[173],"baseline":[175],"fails":[176],"entirely.":[177],"End-to-end":[178],"inference":[179],"reaches":[180],"50.8":[181],"ms":[182],"per":[183],"frame":[184],"low-end":[187],"workstation":[188],"GPU,":[189],"demonstrating":[190],"practical":[192],"viability":[193],"approach.":[196],"These":[197],"results":[198],"highlight":[199],"potential":[201],"combining":[203],"UAV-based":[212],"monitoring,":[214],"more":[216],"effective":[217],"surveillance":[219],"wider":[222],"field":[223],"view":[225],"larger":[227],"coverage.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-08T06:17:01.165560","created_date":"2026-06-26T00:00:00"}