{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164836622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3703706","title":"Synthetic Audiences as Proxies for Human Users: A Systematic Literature Review","display_name":"Synthetic Audiences as Proxies for Human Users: A Systematic Literature Review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164836622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3703706"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3703706","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3703706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3703706","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003999546","display_name":"Theodoros Lappas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4669-4170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73142707","display_name":"Athens University of Economics and Business","ror":"https://ror.org/03s262162","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73142707"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theodoros Lappas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Marketing and Communication, Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4669-4170","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Marketing and Communication, Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73142707"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024305277","display_name":"Apostolos Filippas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4593-3333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164389053","display_name":"Fordham University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qnxaf80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164389053"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Apostolos Filippas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fordham University, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4593-3333","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fordham University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164389053"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87716584,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"94899","last_page":"94932"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.10890000313520432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.10890000313520432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.08219999819993973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12720","display_name":"Multimedia Communication and Technology","score":0.0786999985575676,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic review","score":0.6801999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.26600000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.6801999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5698000192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4472000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.24560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.2443999946117401}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3703706","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3703706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2cbc132c1fe742798d21f8b6c995a66a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2cbc132c1fe742798d21f8b6c995a66a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 94899-94932 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3703706","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3703706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318628","display_name":"Hellenic Academic Libraries Link","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Synthetic":[0],"audiences,":[1,72],"defined":[2],"as":[3],"groups":[4],"of":[5,69,97],"AI":[6],"agents":[7],"powered":[8],"by":[9,62],"Large":[10],"Language":[11],"Models":[12],"(LLMs),are":[13],"a":[14,49,92,101],"promising":[15],"new":[16],"approach":[17],"to":[18,144,204],"user":[19],"research,":[20,121],"enabling":[21],"rapid,":[22],"low-cost":[23],"studies":[24,98],"and":[25,55,79,87,90,94,105,122,136,154,170,172,198,202,207],"experimental":[26,118],"designs":[27],"that":[28],"are":[29],"often":[30],"infeasible":[31],"with":[32,76],"human":[33,152],"participants.":[34],"As":[35],"interest":[36],"in":[37,74,115],"synthetic":[38,71,180],"audiences":[39,181],"accelerates":[40],"across":[41],"disciplines,":[42],"the":[43,64,195],"literature":[44,51,197],"is":[45],"rapidly":[46],"expanding-":[47],"making":[48],"systematic":[50,67],"review":[52,68,127],"both":[53],"timely":[54],"necessary.":[56],"Our":[57],"work":[58],"addresses":[59],"this":[60],"need":[61],"presenting":[63],"first":[65],"comprehensive":[66],"LLM-based":[70],"conducted":[73],"accordance":[75],"established":[77],"PRISMA":[78],"Kitchenham":[80],"guidelines.":[81],"We":[82,175],"searched":[83],"major":[84],"academic":[85],"databases":[86],"preprint":[88],"repositories":[89],"analyzed":[91],"large":[93],"diverse":[95],"set":[96],"identified":[99],"through":[100],"transparent,":[102],"multi-stage":[103],"screening":[104],"quality":[106],"appraisal":[107],"process.":[108],"First,":[109],"we":[110,126,140,159],"outline":[111],"their":[112,128],"main":[113],"applications":[114],"behavioral":[116],"replication,":[117],"extension,":[119],"market":[120],"large-scale":[123],"simulation.":[124],"Second,":[125],"key":[129],"limitations,":[130],"including":[131,147,165],"hallucinations,":[132],"bias,":[133],"prompt":[134],"sensitivity,":[135],"anthropomorphic":[137],"overgeneralization.":[138],"Third,":[139],"explore":[141],"proposed":[142],"solutions":[143],"these":[145],"problems,":[146],"prompt-conditioning":[148],"techniques,":[149],"fine-tuning":[150],"on":[151,194],"data,":[153],"hybrid":[155],"human-LLM":[156],"frameworks.":[157],"Finally,":[158],"map":[160],"out":[161],"future":[162],"research":[163],"directions,":[164],"open-source":[166],"auditing,":[167],"standardized":[168],"benchmarking":[169],"tooling,":[171],"mechanistic":[173],"interpretability.":[174],"conclude":[176],"that,":[177],"even":[178],"though":[179],"hold":[182],"transformative":[183],"promise,":[184],"they":[185],"also":[186],"face":[187],"significant":[188],"limitations.":[189],"Therefore":[190],"researchers":[191],"should":[192],"draw":[193],"growing":[196],"apply":[199],"rigorous":[200],"safeguards":[201],"methods":[203],"produce":[205],"valid":[206],"trustworthy":[208],"insights.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-29T08:53:18.405633","created_date":"2026-06-16T00:00:00"}