{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164500222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3703124","title":"Dynamic Target Measurement and Adaptive Subpixel Localization With a Multi-Line-Array Camera System","display_name":"Dynamic Target Measurement and Adaptive Subpixel Localization With a Multi-Line-Array Camera System","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164500222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3703124"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3703124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3703124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3703124","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101276184","display_name":"Yuanshen Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanshen Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5313-2481","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113591830","display_name":"Pu Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pu Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046985898","display_name":"C Y Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengyan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034653937","display_name":"Yankang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7050-2722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yankang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072402085","display_name":"H. Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongshuo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130794749","display_name":"Nanhui Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nanhui Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033865326","display_name":"Jianwei Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5155-4933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianwei Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100646881","display_name":"Lin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3308-7857"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3308-7857","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101482961","display_name":"Dapeng Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6018-9648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dapeng Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6018-9648","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87601873,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"95240","last_page":"95253"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.2653999924659729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.2653999924659729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.09910000115633011,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.07999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subpixel-rendering","display_name":"Subpixel rendering","score":0.9315999746322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/track-before-detect","display_name":"Track-before-detect","score":0.301800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.2685000002384186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68516990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q452912","display_name":"Subpixel rendering","level":3,"score":0.9315999746322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7807000279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6983000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173028925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7831461","display_name":"Track-before-detect","level":4,"score":0.301800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166704113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861092","display_name":"Image registration","level":3,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102248274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168388","display_name":"Adaptive filter","level":2,"score":0.2563000023365021}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3703124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3703124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ee2bcf918e79464f8190e10ccd4a56e7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ee2bcf918e79464f8190e10ccd4a56e7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 95240-95253 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3703124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3703124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8158623576164246}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1167805030","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52305139","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1801589569","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52575546","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G517877012","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52175124","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6270388231","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025M771342","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7196710911","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RF-A2024001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7913575822","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U25A20294","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"advancement":[1],"of":[2],"intelligent":[3],"assembly":[4],"and":[5,15,26,35,58,99,107,116,122],"motion":[6],"monitoring":[7],"imposes":[8],"stringent":[9],"requirements":[10],"on":[11],"spatial":[12],"measurement":[13,80],"accuracy":[14],"real-time":[16],"performance.":[17],"Multi-line-array":[18],"cameras":[19],"provide":[20],"high-frequency":[21],"one-dimensional":[22],"imaging,":[23],"but":[24],"noise":[25,71,98],"intensity":[27,100],"fluctuations":[28],"in":[29,120],"line-scan":[30],"profiles":[31],"degrade":[32],"subpixel":[33,67],"localization":[34,68,86,105],"3D":[36,79,92,110],"positioning.":[37],"This":[38],"paper":[39],"proposes":[40],"the":[41,76],"Normalized":[42],"Centroid":[43],"Algorithm":[44],"with":[45,61],"Regularization":[46],"Filtering":[47],"(NAR),":[48],"which":[49],"applies":[50],"Otsu-based":[51],"effective-region":[52],"extraction,":[53],"robust":[54],"noise-level":[55],"estimation,":[56],"TV-L2regularization,":[57],"gray-level":[59],"normalization":[60],"centroid":[62],"calculation":[63],"to":[64,90],"achieve":[65],"stable":[66],"under":[69,97],"realistic":[70],"conditions.":[72],"NAR":[73,102],"operates":[74],"across":[75],"complete":[77],"multi-line-array":[78],"workflow,":[81],"reducing":[82],"errors":[83,106],"from":[84],"pixel-level":[85],"through":[87],"camera":[88],"calibration":[89],"final":[91],"reconstruction.":[93],"Experiments":[94],"demonstrate":[95],"that":[96],"variations,":[101],"achieves":[103],"smaller":[104],"more":[108],"consistent":[109],"reconstruction,":[111],"outperforming":[112],"Gaussian":[113],"fitting,":[114],"Steger-type,":[115],"other":[117],"classical":[118],"methods":[119],"stability":[121],"error":[123],"propagation.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-30T06:16:30.551410","created_date":"2026-06-13T00:00:00"}