{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164410226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3702867","title":"MELT-FSIL: Adaptive Hybrid-Loss Few-Shot Learning for Inclusive Sign Language Control in Autonomous Vehicles","display_name":"MELT-FSIL: Adaptive Hybrid-Loss Few-Shot Learning for Inclusive Sign Language Control in Autonomous Vehicles","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164410226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3702867"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3702867","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3702867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3702867","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021598855","display_name":"Rahman Shafique","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7641-2835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55240360","display_name":"Yeungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc6p159","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahman Shafique","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7641-2835","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026215443","display_name":"Erol K\u0131na","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7785-646X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erol Kina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Özalp Vocational School, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Türkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7785-646X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Özalp Vocational School, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Türkiye","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044080887","display_name":"Gyu Sang Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0854-768X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55240360","display_name":"Yeungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc6p159","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gyu Sang Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76331152,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"98046","last_page":"98060"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.5946999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.5946999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.09730000048875809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.024299999698996544,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5012000203132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-control","display_name":"Adaptive control","score":0.3675999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign-language","display_name":"Sign language","score":0.34369999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.2822999954223633}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7760999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5012000203132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4948999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107464732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235781","display_name":"Adaptive control","level":3,"score":0.3675999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522192633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34228","display_name":"Sign language","level":2,"score":0.34369999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.29010000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.2809000015258789}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3702867","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3702867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aac4bd8f6a2544fbaa0d3f3632110643","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aac4bd8f6a2544fbaa0d3f3632110643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 98046-98060 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3702867","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3702867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4296797811985016}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G284234960","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2021R1A6A1A03039493","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321380","display_name":"Yeungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc6p159"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"significant":[1],"advances":[2],"in":[3,199,205,229],"autonomous":[4],"vehicle":[5],"(AV)":[6],"technologies,":[7],"current":[8],"interaction":[9,232,292],"modalities":[10,267],"remain":[11],"insufficiently":[12],"accessible":[13,66,290],"to":[14,77,93,150,152,171,197,240,252],"people":[15],"with":[16,128,142,184],"physical":[17],"and":[18,26,165,203,276,289],"communication":[19],"impairments.":[20],"Conventional":[21],"AV":[22,67,231,245,291],"interfaces,":[23],"particularly":[24],"voice-activated":[25],"touchscreen-based":[27],"systems,":[28],"may":[29],"create":[30],"usability":[31],"barriers":[32],"for":[33,225],"users":[34],"who":[35],"are":[36,169],"deaf,":[37],"non-verbal,":[38],"or":[39],"have":[40],"limited":[41,99,251],"motor":[42],"control,":[43],"thereby":[44],"limiting":[45],"effective":[46],"human\u2013vehicle":[47],"interaction.":[48,68],"To":[49],"address":[50],"this":[51,53,111,280],"gap,":[52],"study":[54,249],"proposes":[55],"a":[56,114,242],"vision-based":[57],"ASL":[58,155,226,256],"recognition":[59,189,228],"framework":[60,71,183],"as":[61,269],"an":[62,133,283],"initial":[63],"step":[64,285],"toward":[65,286],"The":[69],"proposed":[70,181],"uses":[72],"Few-Shot":[73],"Incremental":[74],"Learning":[75,120],"(FSIL)":[76],"recognize":[78],"American":[79],"Sign":[80],"Language":[81],"(ASL)":[82],"hand":[83],"gestures":[84,156],"from":[85,98,191],"static":[86,253],"RGB":[87,254],"hand-sign":[88],"images,":[89],"enabling":[90],"the":[91,147,180,194,200,206,210,219,235,247,262],"model":[92],"learn":[94],"new":[95],"gesture":[96,188,214,227],"classes":[97],"examples":[100],"while":[101,157],"maintaining":[102],"performance":[103],"on":[104],"previously":[105],"learned":[106],"classes.The":[107],"core":[108],"contribution":[109],"of":[110,212,221],"work":[112,259,281],"is":[113,239,250],"hybrid":[115,222],"loss":[116,186],"function,":[117],"termed":[118],"Metric\u2013Entropy":[119],"Tradeoff":[121],"(MELT),":[122],"which":[123],"combines":[124],"prototypical":[125],"metric":[126],"learning":[127,131,174],"cross-entropy-based":[129],"discriminative":[130],"within":[132],"FSIL":[134,182,207,224],"training":[135],"regime.":[136],"By":[137],"balancing":[138],"prototype-based":[139],"class":[140],"separation":[141],"entropy-guided":[143],"classification,":[144],"MELT":[145,185],"improves":[146,187],"model\u2019s":[148],"ability":[149],"adapt":[151],"newly":[153],"introduced":[154],"reducing":[158],"catastrophic":[159],"forgetting.":[160],"In":[161],"addition,":[162],"prototype":[163],"normalization":[164],"episodic":[166],"memory":[167],"replay":[168],"incorporated":[170],"stabilize":[172],"incremental":[173],"performance.":[175],"Empirical":[176],"results":[177],"demonstrate":[178,218],"that":[179],"accuracy":[190],"96.0%":[192],"using":[193],"baseline":[195],"CNN":[196],"97.5%":[198],"FSL":[201],"setting":[202,208],"97.9%":[204],"after":[209],"integration":[211],"novel":[213],"classes.":[215],"These":[216],"findings":[217],"potential":[220],"loss-based":[223],"assistive":[230],"scenarios.":[233],"While":[234],"broader":[236],"long-term":[237],"goal":[238],"develop":[241],"fully":[243],"multimodal":[244],"interface,":[246],"present":[248],"image-based":[255],"recognition;":[257],"future":[258],"will":[260],"extend":[261],"system":[263],"by":[264],"incorporating":[265],"additional":[266],"such":[268],"depth,":[270],"audio,":[271],"wearable":[272],"signals,":[273],"facial":[274],"expressions,":[275],"vehicle-state":[277],"information.":[278],"Thus,":[279],"represents":[282],"early":[284],"more":[287],"inclusive":[288],"systems.":[293]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T06:15:21.484131","created_date":"2026-06-12T00:00:00"}