{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164123867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3702429","title":"Learning the Manifold of Authenticity: Hybrid-Curvature Representation Learning for Generalizable Deepfake Detection","display_name":"Learning the Manifold of Authenticity: Hybrid-Curvature Representation Learning for Generalizable Deepfake Detection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164123867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3702429"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3702429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3702429","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3702429","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024470699","display_name":"Nicolas Larue","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142324","display_name":"CY Cergy Paris Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/043htjv09","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148552","display_name":"Equipes Traitement de l'Information et Syst\u00e8mes","ror":"https://ror.org/0592ata02","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210142324","https://openalex.org/I4210148552","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I86175216"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicolas Larue","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETIS Laboratory, ENSEA, CNRS, CY Cergy Paris University, Cergy, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5560-4272","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETIS Laboratory, ENSEA, CNRS, CY Cergy Paris University, Cergy, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210142324","https://openalex.org/I4210148552"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038322250","display_name":"Vitomir \u0160truc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3385-5780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153976015","display_name":"University of Ljubljana","ror":"https://ror.org/05njb9z20","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vitomir \u0160truc","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3385-5780","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027730478","display_name":"Peter Peer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9744-4035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153976015","display_name":"University of Ljubljana","ror":"https://ror.org/05njb9z20","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Peer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9744-4035","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044294351","display_name":"Ngoc\u2010Son Vu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3498-3335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142324","display_name":"CY Cergy Paris Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/043htjv09","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148552","display_name":"Equipes Traitement de l'Information et Syst\u00e8mes","ror":"https://ror.org/0592ata02","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210142324","https://openalex.org/I4210148552","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I86175216"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ngoc-Son Vu","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETIS Laboratory, ENSEA, CNRS, CY Cergy Paris University, Cergy, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3498-3335","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETIS Laboratory, ENSEA, CNRS, CY Cergy Paris University, Cergy, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210142324","https://openalex.org/I4210148552"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68369342,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"101988","last_page":"102001"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9682000279426575,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9682000279426575,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.009999999776482582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5913000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.501800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Nonlinear dimensionality reduction","score":0.453000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manifold","display_name":"Manifold (fluid mechanics)","score":0.45010000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3416999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-learning","display_name":"Statistical learning","score":0.30239999294281006}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7605999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6625000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5913000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.501800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151876577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7049464","display_name":"Nonlinear dimensionality reduction","level":3,"score":0.453000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529865628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790740","display_name":"Manifold (fluid mechanics)","level":2,"score":0.45010000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.44620001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3416999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982736386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Statistical learning","level":2,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176248197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458526","display_name":"Probably approximately correct learning","level":4,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58973888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1041418","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning","level":2,"score":0.2590999901294708}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3702429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3702429","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:d.cobiss.net/repository/si:281381123","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11557307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055177","display_name":"dCOBISS.SI Digital Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"COBISS-ID: 519839513","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:eac7e2dffb4d4252aed2dc57a9dc8be7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/eac7e2dffb4d4252aed2dc57a9dc8be7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 101988-102001 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repozitorij.uni-lj.si:IzpisGradiva.php?id=183410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?id=235455&dn=","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196268","display_name":"Repository of the University of Ljubljana (University of Ljubljana)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I153976015","host_organization_name":"University of Ljubljana","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 2169-3536","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3702429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3702429","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7307763777","display_name":"Computer Vision","funder_award_id":"P2-0214","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","funder_display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7988352734","display_name":"DeepFake Detection using Anomaly Detection Methods (DeepFake DAD)","funder_award_id":"J2-50065","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","funder_display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8337974055","display_name":"Metrology and biometric systems","funder_award_id":"P2-0250","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","funder_display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","ror":"https://ror.org/059bp8k51"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"practical":[1],"utility":[2],"of":[3,11,44,53,65,115,154],"deepfake":[4,210],"detectors":[5],"is":[6,82],"crippled":[7],"by":[8],"a":[9,33,51,78,105,111,136,142,159,171,194],"crisis":[10],"generalization:":[12],"models":[13],"that":[14,41,73,109,200],"perform":[15],"well":[16],"on":[17,77,120],"known":[18],"manipulation":[19],"techniques":[20],"consistently":[21],"fail":[22],"when":[23],"faced":[24],"with":[25],"unseen":[26],"forgeries.We":[27],"argue":[28],"this":[29,100,179],"failure":[30],"stems":[31],"from":[32,178],"fundamental":[34],"geometric":[35,101],"mismatch.":[36],"Existing":[37],"methods":[38],"implicitly":[39],"assume":[40],"the":[42,61,71,147,163],"manifold":[43,79],"authentic":[45,74],"faces":[46,75,122],"can":[47],"be":[48],"modeled":[49],"in":[50,166],"space":[52,144],"uniform":[54],"curvature,":[55],"typically":[56],"Euclidean,":[57],"which":[58],"inade-quately":[59],"captures":[60],"complex,":[62],"multi-scale":[63],"structure":[64],"facial":[66,116,130],"features.":[67],"This":[68],"paper":[69],"validates":[70],"hypothesis":[72],"lie":[76],"whose":[80],"geometry":[81],"inherently":[83],"hybrid,":[84],"requiring":[85],"both":[86,167],"angular":[87],"compactness":[88,140],"(a":[89,95],"spherical":[90],"property)":[91],"and":[92,141,185,206],"hierarchical":[93],"organization":[94],"hyperbolic":[96,143],"property).":[97],"To":[98],"resolve":[99],"mismatch,":[102],"we":[103],"introduce":[104],"novel":[106],"detector,":[107],"CTrue,":[108],"learns":[110],"unified,":[112],"hybrid-curvature":[113,201],"representation":[114],"authenticity.":[117],"Trained":[118],"exclusively":[119],"real":[121],"via":[123],"self-supervised":[124],"learning,":[125],"our":[126,188],"method":[127,189],"simultaneously":[128],"projects":[129],"embeddings":[131],"onto":[132],"two":[133],"complementary":[134],"manifolds:":[135],"hypersphere":[137],"to":[138,145],"enforce":[139],"model":[146],"natural":[148],"feature":[149],"hierarchy.":[150],"A":[151],"single":[152],"set":[153],"mathematically-optimal":[155],"prototypes":[156],"acts":[157],"as":[158],"\u2018\u2018geometric":[160],"bridge\u2019\u2019,":[161],"unifying":[162],"learning":[164],"objectives":[165],"spaces.":[168],"At":[169],"inference,":[170],"composite":[172],"score":[173],"measures":[174],"an":[175,204],"embedding\u2019s":[176],"deviation":[177],"learned":[180],"manifold.":[181],"On":[182],"challenging":[183],"cross-dataset":[184],"cross-manipulation":[186],"benchmarks,":[187],"achieves":[190],"competitive":[191],"generalization":[192],"under":[193],"strictly":[195],"pristine-only":[196],"training":[197],"setting,":[198],"showing":[199],"representations":[202],"provide":[203],"effective":[205],"data-efficient":[207],"alternative":[208],"for":[209],"detection.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2026-06-11T00:00:00"}