{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163702632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3700849","title":"Optimizing Humanitarian Aid Distribution Under Checkpoint Congestion: A Strategic Safety-Stock Placement Model","display_name":"Optimizing Humanitarian Aid Distribution Under Checkpoint Congestion: A Strategic Safety-Stock Placement Model","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163702632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3700849"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3700849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3700849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3700849","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137999407","display_name":"Shaymaa Safadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5773-9522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59738393","display_name":"Gaziantep University","ror":"https://ror.org/020vvc407","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59738393"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaymaa Safadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, T&#x00FC;rkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5773-9522","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59738393"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017038383","display_name":"Mohanad Rezeq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7396-3404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118176","display_name":"Palestine Ahliya University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gekya22","country_code":"PS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118176"]}],"countries":["PS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohanad Rezeq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Administrative and Financial Sciences, Palestine Ahliya University, Bethlehem, West Bank, Palestine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7396-3404","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Administrative and Financial Sciences, Palestine Ahliya University, Bethlehem, West Bank, Palestine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003350592","display_name":"Alptekin Durmu\u015fo\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9800-5747"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115931","display_name":"Samsun University","ror":"https://ror.org/02brte405","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115931"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alptekin Durmu\u015fo\u011flu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Samsun University, Samsun, T&#x00FC;rkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9800-5747","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Samsun University, Samsun, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115931"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137930043","display_name":"Mohammad Kouali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8574-2155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118176","display_name":"Palestine Ahliya University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gekya22","country_code":"PS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118176"]}],"countries":["PS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Kouali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Palestine Ahliya University, Bethlehem, West Bank, Palestine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8574-2155","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Palestine Ahliya University, Bethlehem, West Bank, Palestine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118176"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7407701,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"86633","last_page":"86659"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11502","display_name":"Facility Location and Emergency Management","score":0.6115999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11502","display_name":"Facility Location and Emergency Management","score":0.6115999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.041999999433755875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.03620000183582306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stock","display_name":"Stock (firearms)","score":0.4999000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-stock","display_name":"Safety stock","score":0.4652999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humanitarian-aid","display_name":"Humanitarian aid","score":0.39559999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maintenance-engineering","display_name":"Maintenance engineering","score":0.30399999022483826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204036174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909380","display_name":"Stock (firearms)","level":2,"score":0.4999000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4657000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781437837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2736296","display_name":"Safety stock","level":3,"score":0.4652999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4586000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521897407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q826745","display_name":"Humanitarian aid","level":2,"score":0.39559999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.38830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3416999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23725684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q616377","display_name":"Maintenance engineering","level":2,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3700849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3700849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ec1a13b75baa47c7a08203298e11ab91","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ec1a13b75baa47c7a08203298e11ab91","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 86633-86659 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3700849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3700849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Humanitarian":[0],"supply":[1,122],"chains":[2],"operating":[3],"in":[4,106,220],"conflict":[5],"environments":[6],"face":[7],"compounding":[8],"pressures":[9],"from":[10,125],"security":[11,113],"checkpoint":[12,46,70,162,237],"congestion,":[13,212],"demand":[14,90,123,197],"volatility,":[15],"and":[16,49,72,115,190,210,244],"infrastructure":[17],"disruption":[18,204],"\u2013":[19],"challenges":[20],"that":[21,43,151,196],"existing":[22],"distribution":[23,117,147],"models":[24],"inadequately":[25],"address.":[26],"This":[27],"study":[28,100,233],"develops":[29],"the":[30,66,79,102,126,155,165,172,214,224,231,245],"Relief":[31],"Aid":[32],"Distribution":[33,62],"Planning":[34],"with":[35,78],"Safety":[36],"Stock":[37],"model,":[38],"an":[39,97],"integrated":[40,132],"optimization":[41,254],"framework":[42,93],"jointly":[44,235],"captures":[45],"congestion":[47,238],"dynamics":[48],"strategic":[50,240],"inventory":[51],"positioning":[52],"within":[53,249],"a":[54,61,178,184,250],"multi-echelon":[55],"humanitarian":[56,103,221,252],"network.":[57],"The":[58,92,131],"model":[59,133],"combines":[60],"Model,":[63],"which":[64],"represents":[65],"nonlinear":[67],"relationship":[68],"between":[69,187],"workload":[71],"truck":[73],"throughput":[74],"via":[75],"piecewise-linear":[76],"approximations,":[77],"Guaranteed":[80,166,246],"Service":[81,167,247],"approach":[82,168],"to":[83,234],"determine":[84],"optimal":[85],"safety":[86,140,241],"stock":[87,141,242],"placement":[88],"under":[89],"uncertainty.":[91],"is":[94,154,230],"validated":[95,256],"through":[96],"empirical":[98],"case":[99],"of":[101,181,216,226],"logistics":[104,253],"network":[105],"northwest":[107],"Syria,":[108],"comprising":[109],"two":[110],"warehouses,":[111],"three":[112],"checkpoints,":[114],"32":[116],"centers,":[118],"using":[119],"real":[120,258],"medical":[121],"data":[124],"February":[127],"2023":[128],"earthquake":[129],"response.":[130],"achieves":[134],"near-zero":[135],"backorders":[136],"by":[137],"strategically":[138],"concentrating":[139],"at":[142],"upstream":[143,152],"warehouses":[144],"while":[145,170,203],"keeping":[146],"centers":[148],"lean,":[149],"confirming":[150],"buffering":[153],"critical":[156],"mechanism":[157],"for":[158],"service":[159,191,201],"continuity":[160],"during":[161],"closures.":[163],"Removing":[164],"component":[169],"retaining":[171],"CF":[173],"reduces":[174],"cost":[175,188,209],"but":[176],"produces":[177],"significant":[179],"number":[180],"backorders,":[182],"revealing":[183],"fundamental":[185],"trade-off":[186],"efficiency":[189],"resilience.":[192],"Sensitivity":[193],"analysis":[194],"shows":[195],"shocks":[198,205],"disproportionately":[199],"degrade":[200],"reliability":[202],"primarily":[206],"escalate":[207],"operational":[208,260],"post-closure":[211],"underscoring":[213],"inadequacy":[215],"cost-only":[217],"performance":[218],"metrics":[219],"contexts.":[222],"To":[223],"best":[225],"our":[227],"knowledge,":[228],"this":[229],"first":[232],"integrate":[236],"modeling,":[239],"placement,":[243],"Approach":[248],"single":[251],"framework,":[255],"against":[257],"conflict-zone":[259],"data.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2026-06-06T00:00:00"}
