{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163708908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3700259","title":"PI-FD: Property Inference Attacks on Federated Learning With Distillation via Synthetic Data Generation","display_name":"PI-FD: Property Inference Attacks on Federated Learning With Distillation via Synthetic Data Generation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163708908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3700259"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3700259","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3700259","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3700259","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020736659","display_name":"Yungi Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1297-8586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yungi Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1297-8586","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077840163","display_name":"Miseon Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-1376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miseon Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-1376","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121092120","display_name":"Jaejin Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaejin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3412-3150","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101410939","display_name":"Younghan Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8414-966X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165677929","display_name":"Sungshin Women's University","ror":"https://ror.org/0500xzf72","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165677929"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Younghan Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Convergence Security Engineering, Sungshin Women&#x2019;s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8414-966X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Convergence Security Engineering, Sungshin Women&#x2019;s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165677929"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137937776","display_name":"Yunheung Paek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6412-2926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunheung Paek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6412-2926","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71384781,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"101398","last_page":"101414"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.814300000667572,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.814300000667572,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.1216999962925911,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.015599999576807022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.6330999732017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6205999851226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning","display_name":"Federated learning","score":0.5447999835014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-data","display_name":"Synthetic data","score":0.5426999926567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distillation","display_name":"Distillation","score":0.4984999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8439000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6330999732017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6205999851226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992525071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671","display_name":"Federated learning","level":2,"score":0.5447999835014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160920958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662746","display_name":"Synthetic data","level":2,"score":0.5426999926567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204030448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101017","display_name":"Distillation","level":2,"score":0.4984999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4674000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.385699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38269999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70061542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989016","display_name":"Distributed database","level":2,"score":0.3587999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47487241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227230","display_name":"Data access","level":2,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3700259","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3700259","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4f0ee0152e284b8c94d7ef54a2d7363d","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4f0ee0152e284b8c94d7ef54a2d7363d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 101398-101414 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3700259","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3700259","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Federated":[0],"Learning":[1],"with":[2,174,182],"Distillation":[3],"(FD)":[4],"has":[5],"clients":[6],"upload":[7],"output":[8],"logits":[9],"evaluated":[10],"on":[11,20,120,179],"a":[12,42,60,111,163],"shared":[13],"public":[14,142],"dataset,":[15],"instead":[16],"of":[17,78,110,153],"gradients":[18],"computed":[19],"private":[21,53,61,112,128],"data.":[22],"Although":[23],"FD":[24,68,135],"is":[25,69,131],"often":[26,132],"believed":[27],"to":[28,72,100,194],"offer":[29],"stronger":[30],"privacy":[31,81],"protection":[32],"than":[33],"traditional":[34],"federated":[35],"learning,":[36],"recent":[37],"studies":[38],"have":[39],"shown":[40],"that":[41,67,167],"malicious":[43],"server":[44,138],"can":[45,148],"still":[46],"extract":[47],"sensitive":[48,73],"information,":[49],"such":[50,83],"as":[51,84,125],"reconstructing":[52],"samples":[54],"or":[55,107],"inferring":[56],"label":[57],"distributions":[58],"in":[59,134,172],"dataset":[62,143],"[1],":[63],"[2].":[64],"This":[65,145],"suggests":[66],"not":[70],"immune":[71],"information":[74,104],"leakages,":[75],"raising":[76],"concerns":[77],"other":[79],"significant":[80],"threats":[82],"property":[85,94,102],"inference":[86,95],"attacks.":[87],"Motivated":[88],"by":[89],"these":[90],"concerns,":[91],"we":[92,161],"explore":[93],"attacks":[96],"(PIA)":[97],"which":[98,130],"aim":[99],"infer":[101],"population":[103],"(e.g.,":[105],"demographics":[106],"disease":[108],"prevalence)":[109],"dataset.":[113],"However,":[114],"most":[115],"existing":[116,154],"PIA":[117,155,165,196],"methods":[118],"rely":[119],"the":[121,126,137,141,151,192],"same":[122],"underlying":[123],"distribution":[124,146],"victim\u2019s":[127],"data,":[129],"unavailable":[133],"because":[136],"only":[139],"observes":[140],"distribution.":[144],"shift":[147],"significantly":[149],"degrade":[150],"effectiveness":[152],"methods.":[156],"To":[157],"overcome":[158],"this":[159],"limitation,":[160],"introducePI-FD,":[162],"new":[164],"method":[166],"employs":[168],"synthetic":[169],"data":[170],"generation":[171],"combination":[173],"novel":[175],"loss":[176],"functions.":[177],"Experiments":[178],"four":[180],"datasets":[181],"14":[183],"properties":[184],"show":[185],"PI-FD":[186],"reaches":[187],"94.07%":[188],"attack":[189],"accuracy,":[190],"highlighting":[191],"need":[193],"mitigate":[195],"threats.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-13T07:31:44.756512","created_date":"2026-06-06T00:00:00"}
