{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162553973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3697559","title":"Research on Influencing Factors of Airgap Windage Losses and Establishment of an Improved Windage Losses Prediction Model","display_name":"Research on Influencing Factors of Airgap Windage Losses and Establishment of an Improved Windage Losses Prediction Model","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162553973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3697559"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3697559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3697559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3697559","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137152605","display_name":"Bin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5562-779X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800710378","display_name":"Naval University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/056vyez31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Energy, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5562-779X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Energy, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137114723","display_name":"Jia Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800710378","display_name":"Naval University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/056vyez31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Energy, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Energy, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083400845","display_name":"Zhongjun Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3560-1185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800710378","display_name":"Naval University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/056vyez31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongjun Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Energy, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8273-420X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Energy, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":7.0496,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97548074,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"81840","last_page":"81860"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12804","display_name":"Thermal Analysis in Power Transmission","score":0.2921000123023987,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12804","display_name":"Thermal Analysis in Power Transmission","score":0.2921000123023987,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":0.03819999843835831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14502","display_name":"High-Voltage Power Transmission Systems","score":0.02630000002682209,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/windage","display_name":"Windage","score":0.9976000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-measurement","display_name":"Temperature measurement","score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.2467000037431717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.24320000410079956}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81746177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4346098","display_name":"Windage","level":2,"score":0.9976000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5144000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3763999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72293138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909741","display_name":"Temperature measurement","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.2467000037431717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2459000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.24459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.2442999929189682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.24320000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21809999644756317}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3697559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3697559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:872b5da831ff4277bb679f77ada9c883","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/872b5da831ff4277bb679f77ada9c883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 81840-81860 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3697559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3697559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5251545310020447,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4513427406","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52077217","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5850768097","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202500030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Airgap":[0],"windage":[1,30,66,115],"losses":[2,10,31,116],"can":[3],"account":[4],"for":[5,228],"over":[6],"30%":[7],"of":[8,20,78,172,180,194,221,235],"all":[9],"in":[11,125,146,151,154,167],"high-speed":[12],"permanent":[13],"magnet":[14],"motors":[15],"(HSPMM),":[16],"highlighting":[17],"the":[18,26,29,33,38,42,48,76,118,178,187,204,215,229],"necessity":[19],"conducting":[21],"a":[22,69,136,152,225],"detailed":[23],"investigation":[24],"into":[25],"factors":[27],"affecting":[28],"within":[32,117],"airgap.":[34,119],"In":[35],"this":[36,222],"study,":[37],"shaft-type":[39],"airgap\u2014recognized":[40],"as":[41,47],"most":[43],"representative":[44],"configuration\u2014is":[45],"selected":[46],"research":[49],"subject.":[50],"First,":[51],"an":[52,144,190],"accurate":[53],"numerical":[54,188],"method":[55],"based":[56,185],"on":[57,114,186],"computational":[58],"fluid":[59],"dynamics":[60],"(CFD)":[61],"is":[62,72,198],"verified":[63],"to":[64,74,135,165,214],"calculate":[65],"losses.":[67],"Subsequently,":[68],"quantitative":[70],"analysis":[71],"performed":[73],"evaluate":[75],"effects":[77],"geometric":[79],"parameters":[80],"(e.g.,":[81,91,108],"radius":[82],"ratio":[83,87],"\u03b7":[84],"and":[85,98,105,130,208,231],"aspect":[86],"\u03c7),":[88],"flow":[89,181,206],"characteristics":[90],"tip":[92],"Reynolds":[93,100],"number":[94,101],"<italic":[95,102,111,127,131,140,147,155,159,195],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[96,103,112,128,132,141,148,156,160,196],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Re</i>\u03b4":[97,149],"axial":[99],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Re<sub>a</sub></i>),":[104],"surface":[106],"roughness":[107,109],"height":[110],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">K<sub>s</sub></i>)":[113],"The":[120,169,219],"results":[121,150],"indicate":[122],"that":[123],"increases":[124],"\u03b7,":[126],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Re<sub>a</sub></i>":[129],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">K<sub>s</sub></i>":[133],"lead":[134],"higher":[137],"friction":[138],"coefficient":[139],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">C<sub>f</sub></i>,":[142],"whereas":[143],"increase":[145],"reduction":[153],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">C<sub>f</sub></i>.":[157],"Moreover,":[158],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">C<sub>f</sub></i>":[161,197],"exhibits":[162],"minimal":[163],"sensitivity":[164],"variations":[166],"\u03c7.":[168],"underlying":[170],"mechanisms":[171],"these":[173],"relationships":[174],"are":[175],"analyzed":[176],"from":[177],"perspective":[179],"field":[182],"details.":[183],"Furthermore,":[184],"results,":[189],"improved":[191,201],"prediction":[192],"model":[193,202],"developed.":[199],"This":[200],"broadens":[203],"applicable":[205],"range":[207],"demonstrates":[209],"significantly":[210],"enhanced":[211],"accuracy":[212],"compared":[213],"original":[216],"empirical":[217],"models.":[218],"findings":[220],"study":[223],"provide":[224],"theoretical":[226],"foundation":[227],"structural":[230],"thermal":[232],"management":[233],"design":[234],"HSPMM.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-04T06:14:18.571774","created_date":"2026-05-28T00:00:00"}