{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162323345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3696573","title":"Coding Agents in the Wild: Failure Modes and Rejection Patterns of AI-Generated Pull Requests","display_name":"Coding Agents in the Wild: Failure Modes and Rejection Patterns of AI-Generated Pull Requests","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162323345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3696573"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3696573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3696573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3696573","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116585380","display_name":"Mahd Hindi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahd Hindi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1106-2525","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052423409","display_name":"Yasir Mahmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1578-5229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasir Mahmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1578-5229","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083071250","display_name":"Linda Mohammed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linda Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6892-7342","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136939009","display_name":"Salah Bouktif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5846-9897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salah Bouktif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5846-9897","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033220006","display_name":"Mohammed Mediani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1452-0560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Mediani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64428994,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"83075","last_page":"83094"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.12540000677108765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.12540000677108765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.043699998408555984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.042899999767541885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.557699978351593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.3276999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.3237000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-mail","display_name":"Electronic mail","score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.2994000017642975}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.78329998254776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.557699978351593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.37540000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.3276999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.3237000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020028006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9158","display_name":"Electronic mail","level":2,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.2994000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984822820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123036","display_name":"Processor scheduling","level":3,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.26989999413490295}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3696573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3696573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0baf0e31b8ca463ba0fd606decc95ed5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0baf0e31b8ca463ba0fd606decc95ed5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 83075-83094 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3696573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3696573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7620200496","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AARE20-100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F703929587","funder_display_name":"ASPIRE"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F703929587","display_name":"ASPIRE","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autonomous":[0],"coding":[1,93,259],"agents":[2],"increasingly":[3],"submit":[4],"pull":[5,37],"requests":[6],"(PRs)":[7],"to":[8,15,181],"real":[9],"software":[10],"repositories,":[11],"making":[12],"it":[13],"important":[14],"evaluate":[16],"their":[17],"behavior":[18],"under":[19],"actual":[20],"review,":[21],"testing,":[22],"and":[23,54,63,91,104,139,147,170,173,201,232,245,256,272],"governance":[24],"workflows":[25],"rather":[26],"than":[27],"only":[28],"through":[29],"synthetic":[30],"benchmarks.":[31],"This":[32,176],"paper":[33],"investigates":[34],"how":[35,55],"agent-generated":[36],"request":[38],"(APR)":[39],"rejection":[40,102,137,158,197,227],"evolves":[41],"over":[42,160],"time,":[43],"which":[44],"visible":[45,226],"failure":[46],"modes":[47],"most":[48],"often":[49],"explain":[50],"rejected":[51],"APRs":[52,86],"(RAPRs),":[53],"these":[56,250],"findings":[57,251],"inform":[58],"more":[59],"effective":[60],"coding-agent":[61],"deployment":[62,145],"design.":[64],"We":[65,248],"follow":[66],"a":[67,98,106,113,153,182,262],"three-phase":[68],"methodology.":[69],"First,":[70],"we":[71,96,134],"construct":[72],"an":[73],"APR":[74,157,236],"cohort":[75],"from":[76,87],"the":[77,81,126,131,224],"AIDev-POP":[78],"subset":[79,117],"of":[80,101,118,130],"AIDev":[82],"dataset,":[83],"covering":[84],"12,433":[85],"1,495":[88],"popular":[89],"repositories":[90],"five":[92],"agents.":[94],"Second,":[95],"develop":[97],"socio-technical":[99],"taxonomy":[100],"reasons":[103,129],"validate":[105],"large":[107],"language":[108],"model":[109,135],"(LLM)-based":[110],"classifier":[111],"on":[112],"manually":[114],"labeled":[115],"ground-truth":[116],"commented":[119,219],"RAPRs,":[120,220],"achieving":[121],"85.5%":[122],"accuracy":[123],"in":[124,156,166,185],"identifying":[125],"main":[127],"bucket":[128],"rejection.":[132],"Third,":[133],"temporal":[136],"patterns":[138],"conduct":[140],"stratified":[141],"analyses":[142],"across":[143],"agents,":[144],"settings,":[146],"reviewer":[148,216],"types.":[149],"Observational":[150],"results":[151,188],"show":[152,189],"significant":[154],"decline":[155,177],"odds":[159],"time":[161],"after":[162],"accounting":[163],"for":[164],"differences":[165],"change":[167],"size,":[168],"documentation":[169,191],"test":[171],"updates,":[172],"agent":[174,184,241,260],"type.":[175],"is":[178,281],"not":[179],"limited":[180],"single":[183],"particular.":[186],"Empirical":[187],"that":[190,266],"co-changes":[192],"are":[193,209,223],"associated":[194],"with":[195,211,275],"lower":[196],"odds,":[198],"whereas":[199],"test-touch":[200],"patch":[202],"size":[203],"provide":[204],"weaker":[205],"differentiation.":[206],"Most":[207],"RAPRs":[208],"silent,":[210],"84.2%":[212],"closed":[213],"without":[214],"inline":[215],"feedback.":[217],"Among":[218],"functional":[221],"failures":[222],"dominant":[225],"pattern,":[228],"especially":[229],"specification":[230],"mismatch":[231],"logic":[233],"defects.":[234],"Overall,":[235],"outcomes":[237],"reflect":[238],"interactions":[239],"among":[240],"behavior,":[242],"repository":[243,276],"guardrails,":[244],"developer":[246],"practices.":[247],"translate":[249],"into":[252],"evidence-informed":[253],"design":[254,264],"principles":[255],"advocate":[257],"reflexive":[258],"as":[261],"new":[263],"pattern":[265],"emphasizes":[267],"context":[268],"acquisition,":[269],"local":[270],"validation,":[271],"closer":[273],"alignment":[274],"expectations.":[277],"Our":[278],"replication":[279],"package":[280],"available":[282],"at:":[283],"https://github.com/mahdhindi/coding-agents-wild.":[284]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T06:22:57.294733","created_date":"2026-05-26T00:00:00"}
