{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162284400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3696427","title":"Impact of Optimal Electric Vehicle Charging Station Placement on Distribution Network Performance: A Comparative Study","display_name":"Impact of Optimal Electric Vehicle Charging Station Placement on Distribution Network Performance: A Comparative Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162284400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3696427"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3696427","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3696427","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3696427","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136977459","display_name":"Imad Eddine Gherbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8888-630X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4528857","display_name":"University of Kuala Lumpur","ror":"https://ror.org/026wwrx19","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imad Eddine Gherbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute (UniKL BMI), Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8888-630X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute (UniKL BMI), Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082881241","display_name":"Ibrahim Alhamrouni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1035-3005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4528857","display_name":"University of Kuala Lumpur","ror":"https://ror.org/026wwrx19","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Alhamrouni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute (UniKL BMI), Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1035-3005","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute (UniKL BMI), Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067326199","display_name":"Younes Zahraoui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0505-3553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112527","display_name":"Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01t178j62","country_code":"LU","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112527"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Younes Zahraoui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112527"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016199066","display_name":"Nor Hidayah Abdul Kahar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6065-8013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4528857","display_name":"University of Kuala Lumpur","ror":"https://ror.org/026wwrx19","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nor Hidayah Abdul Kahar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute (UniKL BMI), Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6065-8013","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute (UniKL BMI), Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136896465","display_name":"Nurul Asyikin Mohamed Radzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0481-7686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79156528","display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional","ror":"https://ror.org/03kxdn807","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79156528","https://openalex.org/I874769580"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nurul Asyikin Mohamed Radzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0481-7686","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79156528"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58489807,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"79451","last_page":"79466"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9473000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9473000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.00930000003427267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.007499999832361937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.6794999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-dynamics","display_name":"Vehicle dynamics","score":0.4381999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charging-station","display_name":"Charging station","score":0.428600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-vehicle-location","display_name":"Automatic vehicle location","score":0.3513999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","score":0.3402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-safety","display_name":"Vehicle safety","score":0.3140000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.6794999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6525999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.51910001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79487989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934680","display_name":"Vehicle dynamics","level":2,"score":0.4381999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779607880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2140665","display_name":"Charging station","level":4,"score":0.428600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202176563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2527484","display_name":"Automatic vehicle location","level":3,"score":0.3513999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986542766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2090494","display_name":"Vehicle safety","level":2,"score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983407661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132629","display_name":"Electric network","level":3,"score":0.29409998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84119951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3498530","display_name":"Vehicle tracking system","level":3,"score":0.2517000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987494969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193692","display_name":"Electric cars","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3696427","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3696427","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0328c11bc0b845048a450f70256a6c98","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0328c11bc0b845048a450f70256a6c98","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 79451-79466 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3696427","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3696427","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,41,83,102,147],"integration":[1],"of":[2,31,251],"Electric":[3],"Vehicle":[4],"Charging":[5],"Stations":[6],"(EVCSs)":[7],"into":[8],"distribution":[9,35,211],"networks":[10],"presents":[11,23],"significant":[12],"challenges,":[13],"including":[14,59],"increased":[15],"power":[16,48,115,190],"losses":[17,116],"and":[18,63,75,91,98,117,142,224,263],"voltage":[19,61,119],"instability.":[20],"This":[21,171],"paper":[22],"an":[24],"optimization":[25,215,255],"framework":[26,155,216],"for":[27,208],"the":[28,78,88,125,152,177,182,193,213,237,246,249,253,259],"optimal":[29,108],"placement":[30],"EVCSs":[32],"in":[33,168,176,189],"radial":[34,210],"systems":[36],"with":[37],"existing":[38],"distributed":[39],"generation.":[40],"objective":[42],"is":[43,73,85,128,173],"to":[44,56,197,201,227,242],"minimize":[45],"total":[46],"active":[47],"loss":[49],"over":[50],"a":[51,157,186,218,232,243],"24-hour":[52],"period":[53],"while":[54,151],"adhering":[55],"operational":[57],"constraints,":[58],"bus":[60],"limits":[62],"line":[64],"thermal":[65],"capacities.":[66],"A":[67],"deterministic":[68,104,153,214],"Non-Linear":[69],"Programming":[70],"(NLP)":[71],"model":[72,184,239],"formulated":[74],"solved":[76],"using":[77],"Interior":[79],"Point":[80],"Optimizer":[81,145],"(IPOPT).":[82],"methodology":[84],"validated":[86],"on":[87,258],"IEEE":[89],"33-bus":[90],"69-bus":[92,179],"networks,":[93],"which":[94],"incorporate":[95],"fixed":[96],"photovoltaic":[97],"biomass":[99],"generation":[100],"units.":[101],"proposed":[103,126],"approach":[105],"successfully":[106],"identified":[107],"EVCS":[109],"locations":[110],"that":[111,150],"significantly":[112],"reduce":[113],"system-wide":[114],"improve":[118],"stability.":[120],"To":[121],"validate":[122],"its":[123],"reliability,":[124],"method":[127],"benchmarked":[129],"against":[130],"three":[131,165],"popular":[132],"metaheuristic":[133,166,194],"algorithms:":[134],"Particle":[135],"Swarm":[136],"Optimization":[137],"(PSO),":[138],"Genetic":[139],"Algorithm":[140],"(GA),":[141],"Grey":[143],"Wolf":[144],"(GWO).":[146],"results":[148],"demonstrate":[149],"NLP":[154,183,238],"entails":[156],"higher":[158,233],"computational":[159,234,265],"cost,":[160],"it":[161],"consistently":[162],"outperforms":[163],"all":[164],"methods":[167],"solution":[169,222],"quality.":[170],"advantage":[172],"particularly":[174],"pronounced":[175],"larger":[178],"network,":[180],"where":[181],"achieved":[185],"47.15%":[187],"reduction":[188],"losses,":[191],"whereas":[192],"algorithms":[195],"failed":[196],"exceed":[198],"7.1%":[199],"due":[200],"premature":[202],"convergence.":[203],"These":[204],"findings":[205],"indicate":[206],"that,":[207],"standard":[209],"systems,":[212],"offers":[217],"superior":[219],"trade-off":[220],"between":[221],"optimality":[223],"reliability":[225],"compared":[226],"stochastic":[228],"metaheuristics,":[229],"albeit":[230],"at":[231],"cost.":[235],"While":[236],"guarantees":[240],"convergence":[241],"high-quality":[244],"solution,":[245],"study":[247],"highlights":[248],"importance":[250],"selecting":[252],"appropriate":[254],"strategy":[256],"based":[257],"specific":[260],"network":[261],"size":[262],"available":[264],"resources.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-30T06:14:24.967023","created_date":"2026-05-26T00:00:00"}