{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162336546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3696320","title":"Lightweight Multi-Channel Generative Adversarial Network for Synthesizing Brain Perfusion CT Series From Healthy Subjects: Toward Radiation Dose Reduction in Clinical Imaging","display_name":"Lightweight Multi-Channel Generative Adversarial Network for Synthesizing Brain Perfusion CT Series From Healthy Subjects: Toward Radiation Dose Reduction in Clinical Imaging","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162336546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3696320"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3696320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3696320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3696320","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102005945","display_name":"Lixin Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135723","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/02txedb84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135723"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lixin Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Medical Imaging Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4548-4671","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Medical Imaging Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087964063","display_name":"Kaibing Hang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099558","display_name":"Shanghai Changzheng Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0103dxn66","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaibing Hang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center Hospital, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center Hospital, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084942945","display_name":"Wei Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1830-338X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099558","display_name":"Shanghai Changzheng Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0103dxn66","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center Hospital, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center Hospital, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076686667","display_name":"Yun-Feng Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135723","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/02txedb84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135723"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunfeng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Medical Imaging Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3527-2604","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Medical Imaging Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136945898","display_name":"Qianhui Shen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099558","display_name":"Shanghai Changzheng Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0103dxn66","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qianhui Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center Hospital, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8257-9540","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center Hospital, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136950684","display_name":"Yuan Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099558","display_name":"Shanghai Changzheng Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0103dxn66","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Naval Medical Center Hospital, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Naval Medical Center Hospital, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026126712","display_name":"Jiecheng Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135723","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/02txedb84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135723"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiecheng Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Medical Imaging Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Medical Imaging Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136933505","display_name":"Shuping Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099558","display_name":"Shanghai Changzheng Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0103dxn66","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuping Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center Hospital, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0375-7116","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center Hospital, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000074603","display_name":"Yi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4091-8532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135723","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/02txedb84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135723"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanyuan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Medical Imaging Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Medical Imaging Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135723"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5639975,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"80573","last_page":"80589"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.19689999520778656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.19689999520778656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.18780000507831573,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.08009999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-adversarial-network","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","score":0.60589998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.5838000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-dose","display_name":"Radiation dose","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-imaging","display_name":"Medical imaging","score":0.5236999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perfusion-scanning","display_name":"Perfusion scanning","score":0.4778999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.453900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.4339999854564667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988773926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25104379","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","level":3,"score":0.60589998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5995000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5838000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987700449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186161","display_name":"Radiation dose","level":2,"score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.5236999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5006999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135691158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7168308","display_name":"Perfusion scanning","level":3,"score":0.4778999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.453900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544519230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32566","display_name":"Computed tomography","level":2,"score":0.4097000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.37279999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58693492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875","display_name":"Neuroimaging","level":2,"score":0.36579999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3465999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.33239999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3303000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3257000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780441642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849737","display_name":"Single-photon emission computed tomography","level":2,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994556229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209150","display_name":"Brain infarction","level":3,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841267","display_name":"Tomography","level":2,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3696320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3696320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3696320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3696320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.4231563210487366,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G622574698","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024ZD0525402","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Computed":[0],"tomography":[1],"perfusion":[2,162,189],"(CTP)":[3],"is":[4,109],"essential":[5],"for":[6,46,96,185],"ischemic":[7],"stroke":[8],"assessment":[9],"but":[10],"involves":[11],"high":[12,155],"radiation":[13],"exposure.":[14],"This":[15],"study":[16],"proposes":[17],"a":[18,47,83,103,182],"lightweight":[19,84],"multi-channel":[20],"generative":[21],"adversarial":[22],"network":[23],"(LM-GAN)":[24],"to":[25,75,121,195],"synthesize":[26],"missing":[27],"series":[28,52],"from":[29,53],"sparse":[30],"CTP":[31,51],"series,":[32],"enabling":[33],"substantial":[34],"dose":[35],"reduction.":[36],"Specifically,":[37],"by":[38],"successfully":[39],"synthesizing":[40],"the":[41,76,170,176],"nine":[42],"unacquired":[43],"volumes":[44,62],"required":[45],"complete":[48],"19-time":[49],"point":[50],"an":[54,68],"initial":[55],"acquisition":[56,79],"of":[57,72,172],"only":[58],"10":[59],"sparsely":[60],"acquired":[61],"per":[63],"examination,":[64],"our":[65],"approach":[66],"yields":[67],"estimated":[69],"dose-equivalent":[70],"reduction":[71],"47.3%":[73],"relative":[74],"standard":[77],"full-phase":[78],"protocol.":[80],"LM-GAN":[81,134,180],"integrates":[82],"U-Net":[85],"generator":[86],"incorporating":[87],"depthwise":[88],"separable":[89],"convolutions,":[90],"attention":[91],"mechanisms,":[92],"and":[93,116,127,142,160,175,191],"LiteViT":[94],"modules":[95],"efficient":[97],"spatiotemporal":[98],"feature":[99],"extraction,":[100],"paired":[101],"with":[102,157],"multi-scale":[104],"PatchGAN":[105],"discriminator.":[106],"The":[107],"model":[108],"optimized":[110],"using":[111],"LSGAN":[112],"adversarial,":[113],"L1":[114,117],"content,":[115],"temporal":[118,128,145],"consistency":[119],"losses":[120],"ensure":[122],"image":[123,139],"authenticity,":[124],"structural":[125],"accuracy,":[126],"coherence.":[129],"Evaluated":[130],"on":[131],"healthy":[132],"subjects,":[133],"outperformed":[135],"existing":[136],"methods":[137],"in":[138,148],"quality":[140],"metrics":[141],"demonstrated":[143],"superior":[144],"modeling,":[146],"particularly":[147],"late-phase":[149],"imaging.":[150],"Synthesized":[151],"time-density":[152],"curves":[153],"showed":[154],"congruence":[156],"real":[158],"data,":[159],"key":[161],"parameters":[163],"achieved":[164],"excellent":[165],"consistency.":[166],"Ablation":[167],"studies":[168],"confirmed":[169],"contribution":[171],"each":[173],"module":[174],"model's":[177],"computational":[178],"efficiency.":[179],"lays":[181],"promising":[183],"foundation":[184],"clinical":[186],"low-dose":[187],"brain":[188],"imaging,":[190],"its":[192],"potential":[193],"applicability":[194],"broader":[196],"patient":[197],"populations":[198],"merits":[199],"continued":[200],"investigation.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-20T07:56:41.581041","created_date":"2026-05-26T00:00:00"}