{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161937055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3695754","title":"A Comprehensive Characterization of Glass Fiber Wire: Thermal Life, Electrical Life, and Partial Discharge","display_name":"A Comprehensive Characterization of Glass Fiber Wire: Thermal Life, Electrical Life, and Partial Discharge","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161937055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3695754"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3695754","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3695754","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3695754","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080129957","display_name":"Muhammad Raza Khowja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-9440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Raza Khowja","raw_affiliation_strings":["PEMC Research Group, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-9440","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PEMC Research Group, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067041549","display_name":"Hadi Naderiallaf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8241-4631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hadi Naderiallaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["PEMC Research Group, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8241-4631","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PEMC Research Group, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133488440","display_name":"Kuldeep Singh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuldeep Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["PEMC Research Group, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-7663","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PEMC Research Group, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019924838","display_name":"Sarang Satheesh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarang Satheesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["PEMC Research Group, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PEMC Research Group, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136666481","display_name":"Gaurang Vakil","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaurang Vakil","raw_affiliation_strings":["PEMC Research Group, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PEMC Research Group, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136714763","display_name":"Chris Gerada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4707-4480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Gerada","raw_affiliation_strings":["PEMC Research Group, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4707-4480","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PEMC Research Group, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6382578,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"80114","last_page":"80128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":0.5238000154495239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":0.5238000154495239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12007","display_name":"Plasma and Flow Control in Aerodynamics","score":0.027799999341368675,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12804","display_name":"Thermal Analysis in Power Transmission","score":0.027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glass-fiber","display_name":"Glass fiber","score":0.6473000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal","display_name":"Thermal","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/characterization","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","score":0.6388999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber","display_name":"Fiber","score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.4025000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-measurement","display_name":"Temperature measurement","score":0.36820000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-discharge","display_name":"Partial discharge","score":0.3573000133037567}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8173999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177229083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5861","display_name":"Glass fiber","level":2,"score":0.6473000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.6388999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519885992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161","display_name":"Fiber","level":2,"score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.4025000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72293138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909741","display_name":"Temperature measurement","level":2,"score":0.36820000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130143024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929972","display_name":"Partial discharge","level":3,"score":0.3573000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137693562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899628","display_name":"Thermal resistance","level":3,"score":0.35359999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129446986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q542419","display_name":"Thermal analysis","level":3,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205483674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3574961","display_name":"Electrostatic discharge","level":3,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984221369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422584","display_name":"Electric breakdown","level":3,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59061564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7783071","display_name":"Thermal stability","level":2,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337802","display_name":"Thermal bridge","level":4,"score":0.26809999346733093}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3695754","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3695754","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3695754","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3695754","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.4848270118236542}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,99],"comprehensive":[4],"investigation":[5],"of":[6,23,46,66,102,131,142,148,157,181,189],"glass-fiber":[7,143,158],"wire":[8],"insulation,":[9],"evaluating":[10],"its":[11,182],"thermal":[12,25,39,47,150],"life,":[13,15],"electrical":[14,27,106,113,152],"partial":[16],"discharge":[17],"(PD)":[18],"behavior":[19],"and":[20,26,55,71,136,151],"the":[21,62,86,129,140,146,155,175,190],"impact":[22,45,130,147],"combined":[24,149,166],"ageing":[28,48,107,153],"on":[29,139,154],"insulation":[30,56,159,176],"lifetime.":[31,194],"Thermal":[32],"endurance":[33],"tests":[34,108],"were":[35,109,123],"conducted":[36,110],"to":[37,78,111,127,185],"establish":[38],"life":[40,80,114,156],"versus":[41,115],"temperature":[42],"characteristics.":[43],"The":[44,64,82],"was":[49,69,90],"assessed":[50],"by":[51],"monitoring":[52],"dissipation":[53],"factor":[54],"capacitance,":[57],"confirming":[58],"progressive":[59],"degradation":[60],"within":[61],"insulation.":[63,144],"time-to-failure":[65],"each":[67],"sample":[68],"estimated":[70],"statistically":[72],"analyzed":[73],"using":[74,162],"Weibull":[75],"probability":[76],"distribution":[77],"develop":[79],"models.":[81],"model,":[83],"derived":[84],"at":[85],"50%":[87],"failure":[88],"percentile,":[89],"compared":[91],"with":[92,98],"manufacturer":[93],"data,":[94],"showing":[95],"close":[96],"agreement":[97],"percentage":[100],"error":[101],"only":[103],"0.44%.":[104],"Subsequently,":[105],"determine":[112],"voltage":[116],"excitations.":[117],"PD":[118],"measurements":[119],"under":[120,173],"PWM":[121],"excitation":[122],"then":[124],"carried":[125],"out":[126,188],"evaluate":[128],"pulse":[132],"frequency,":[133],"rise":[134],"time,":[135],"duty":[137],"cycle":[138],"PDIV":[141],"Finally,":[145],"is":[160,171],"evaluated":[161],"Miner\u2019s":[163],"law.":[164],"A":[165],"representative":[167],"thermo-electrical":[168],"stress":[169],"profile":[170],"suggested":[172],"which":[174],"has":[177],"consumed":[178],"approximately":[179],"96.3%":[180],"lifetime,":[183],"corresponding":[184],"7,704":[186],"hours":[187,193],"targeted":[191],"8,000":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2026-05-22T00:00:00"}
