{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161786649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3695447","title":"Data-Driven Analysis and Modeling for Energy Storage and PV Integration in Trolleybus Networks","display_name":"Data-Driven Analysis and Modeling for Energy Storage and PV Integration in Trolleybus Networks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161786649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3695447"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3695447","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3695447","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3695447","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055517727","display_name":"P\u0101vels Suskis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201787326","display_name":"Riga Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00twb6c09","country_code":"LV","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201787326"]}],"countries":["LV"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pavels Suskis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Industrial Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Energy, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9112-3763","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Energy, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201787326"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002973242","display_name":"Viesturs Bra\u017eis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0028-5531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201787326","display_name":"Riga Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00twb6c09","country_code":"LV","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201787326"]}],"countries":["LV"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viesturs Brazis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Industrial Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Energy, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Energy, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201787326"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053137154","display_name":"Alexander Bubovich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2261-8859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201787326","display_name":"Riga Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00twb6c09","country_code":"LV","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201787326"]}],"countries":["LV"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Bubovich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Industrial Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Energy, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2261-8859","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Energy, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201787326"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136562235","display_name":"Frede Blaabjerg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8311-7412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frede Blaabjerg","raw_affiliation_strings":["AAU Energy, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8311-7412","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AAU Energy, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59084063,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"81481","last_page":"81493"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11568","display_name":"Railway Systems and Energy Efficiency","score":0.21459999680519104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11568","display_name":"Railway Systems and Energy Efficiency","score":0.21459999680519104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.1696999967098236,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.15960000455379486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.4625999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4081000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient-analysis","display_name":"Transient analysis","score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rooftop-photovoltaic-power-station","display_name":"Rooftop photovoltaic power station","score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.27649998664855957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6115000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.4625999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4081000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.336899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989121073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1309019","display_name":"Transient analysis","level":3,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175706755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7366157","display_name":"Rooftop photovoltaic power station","level":5,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541104983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40015","display_name":"Solar energy","level":2,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194739806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66221","display_name":"Computer data storage","level":2,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3695447","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3695447","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/6d7457c1-46ea-4845-9975-604025bbbe2b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/6d7457c1-46ea-4845-9975-604025bbbe2b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Suskis, P, Brazis, V, Bubovich, A & Blaabjerg, F 2026, 'Data-Driven Analysis and Modeling for Energy Storage and PV Integration in Trolleybus Networks', IEEE Access. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3695447","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/0b874291-7b34-4556-9eb6-c90a1153af37","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/0b874291-7b34-4556-9eb6-c90a1153af37","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Suskis, P, Brazis, V, Bubovich, A & Blaabjerg, F 2026, 'Data-Driven Analysis and Modeling for Energy Storage and PV Integration in Trolleybus Networks', IEEE Access, vol. 14, pp. 81481-81493. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3695447","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bb657f6569504147b1268877a59e77bf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bb657f6569504147b1268877a59e77bf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 81481-81493 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3695447","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3695447","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.847710907459259,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,171],"electrification":[1],"of":[2,42,71,111,176],"public":[3,224],"transportation":[4],"systems":[5,36],"plays":[6],"a":[7,24,47,136,148,213],"crucial":[8],"role":[9],"in":[10,82,223],"achieving":[11],"sustainable":[12],"urban":[13],"mobility.":[14],"While":[15],"trams":[16],"and":[17,33,55,59,143,168,183,198,220,233],"trolleybuses":[18,83],"have":[19],"demonstrated":[20],"energy-efficient":[21],"operation":[22],"for":[23,50,118,153,216],"long":[25],"time,":[26],"their":[27],"integration":[28,175,219],"with":[29,209],"renewable":[30,218],"energy":[31,34,53,113,197,221],"sources":[32],"storage":[35,222],"(ESS)":[37],"remains":[38],"an":[39],"important":[40],"area":[41],"research.":[43],"This":[44],"paper":[45],"presents":[46],"data-driven":[48],"methodology":[49],"analyzing":[51],"trolleybus":[52],"flows":[54],"determining":[56],"optimal":[57],"ESS":[58,119,187],"photovoltaic":[60],"(PV)":[61],"deployment":[62],"strategies":[63],"using":[64,193],"real-world":[65],"operational":[66,203,207],"data":[67,130,200],"from":[68,78,135],"the":[69,122,228],"City":[70],"Riga.":[72],"A":[73,89],"comprehensive":[74],"dataset":[75,91],"was":[76,96,191],"collected":[77,131],"on-board":[79],"loggers":[80],"installed":[81],"operating":[84],"across":[85],"four":[86],"major":[87],"routes.":[88],"large":[90],"containing":[92],"key":[93],"traction":[94],"values":[95],"upsampled":[97],"to":[98,108,146,161],"enable":[99],"more":[100,231],"detailed":[101],"analysis.":[102],"Heat-map":[103],"visualization":[104],"techniques":[105],"were":[106,140,159],"used":[107],"identify":[109],"locations":[110],"high":[112],"exchange,":[114],"revealing":[115],"candidate":[116],"zones":[117],"placement":[120],"within":[121],"DC":[123],"overhead":[124],"contact":[125],"system.":[126],"Complementary":[127],"PV":[128],"production":[129],"over":[132],"eight":[133],"years":[134],"reference":[137],"rooftop":[138],"system":[139],"statistically":[141],"analyzed":[142],"then":[144],"adjusted":[145],"represent":[147],"standardized":[149],"1":[150],"kW":[151],"output":[152],"scaling":[154],"purposes.":[155],"MATLAB":[156],"Simulink":[157],"models":[158],"developed":[160],"simulate":[162],"substation":[163],"behavior":[164],"under":[165,201],"varying":[166],"load":[167,199],"regeneration":[169],"conditions.":[170],"results":[172],"indicate":[173],"that":[174],"supercapacitors":[177],"can":[178],"significantly":[179],"stabilize":[180],"line":[181],"voltage":[182],"improve":[184],"recuperation":[185],"efficiency.":[186],"further":[188],"choice":[189],"analysis":[190],"performed":[192],"realistic":[194],"solar":[195],"yielded":[196],"different":[202],"strategies.":[204],"Combining":[205],"large-scale":[206],"datasets":[208],"simulation":[210],"modeling":[211],"provides":[212],"powerful":[214],"framework":[215],"optimizing":[217],"transport":[225],"grids,":[226],"paving":[227],"way":[229],"toward":[230],"efficient":[232],"resilient":[234],"electric":[235],"mobility":[236],"infrastructure.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-03T06:16:58.514037","created_date":"2026-05-21T00:00:00"}