{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161309321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3693996","title":"Linewidth Enhancement of Range Profile in Multi-Chirp Radar via Beat Signal Chirp and Phase Normalization","display_name":"Linewidth Enhancement of Range Profile in Multi-Chirp Radar via Beat Signal Chirp and Phase Normalization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161309321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3693996"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3693996","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3693996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3693996","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046941945","display_name":"Aigerim Ashimbayeva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9861-6599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60559429","display_name":"Nazarbayev University","ror":"https://ror.org/052bx8q98","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aigerim Ashimbayeva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, SEDS, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9861-6599","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, SEDS, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136252109","display_name":"Sun Zhijie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sun Zhijie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134437820","display_name":"Mohd Rashidi Che Beson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65079550","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Perlis","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmkb790","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65079550"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Rashidi Che Beson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Intelligent Computing, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9213-0985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Intelligent Computing, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65079550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037799876","display_name":"T.D. Subash","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31847773","display_name":"Zhejiang Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mys6533","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31847773"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. D. Subash","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Engineering Equipment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1993-5469","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Engineering Equipment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31847773"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001976415","display_name":"Ikechi Augustine Ukaegbu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9370-8969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68631920","display_name":"University of West Alabama","ror":"https://ror.org/010acrp16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68631920"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ikechi Augustine Ukaegbu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Engineering Technology, The University of West Alabama, Livingston, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9370-8969","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Engineering Technology, The University of West Alabama, Livingston, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68631920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136217990","display_name":"Shilong Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2620-7272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shilong Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2620-7272","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027737990","display_name":"Carlo Molardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-683X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60559429","display_name":"Nazarbayev University","ror":"https://ror.org/052bx8q98","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlo Molardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, SEDS, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-683X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, SEDS, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069160942","display_name":"Bikash Nakarmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-5641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bikash Nakarmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-5641","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89773379,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"78165","last_page":"78180"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.49050000309944153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.49050000309944153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.2953000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.024900000542402267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chirp","display_name":"Chirp","score":0.7231000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-linewidth","display_name":"Laser linewidth","score":0.6672999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beat","display_name":"Beat (acoustics)","score":0.5687000155448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.555400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.4438000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.3555000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-phase","display_name":"Relative phase","score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.3422999978065491}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132794960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27304","display_name":"Chirp","level":3,"score":0.7231000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142181693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6493080","display_name":"Laser linewidth","level":3,"score":0.6672999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189809214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q829522","display_name":"Beat (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.5687000155448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.555400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5476999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.4438000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4318000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.3555000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987423054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185553","display_name":"Relative phase","level":3,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.34150001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.3375999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.3174999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.31220000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778559676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334213","display_name":"Doppler radar","level":3,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96834759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750463","display_name":"Phase modulation","level":3,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139931591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029151","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","level":4,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984296375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar systems","level":3,"score":0.29010000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145995521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639897","display_name":"Pulse compression","level":3,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987759513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar signal processing","level":4,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142433447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7806653","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","level":3,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3693996","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3693996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8b2cbec62b8e44c2a4dc9a9c43e4b6ad","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8b2cbec62b8e44c2a4dc9a9c43e4b6ad","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 78165-78180 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3693996","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3693996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"a":[5,20,140,170,183],"new":[6],"approach":[7],"for":[8,13,85,89,199],"chirp":[9,117],"and":[10,16,31,42,54,72,80,92,106,116,139,182,223,238],"phase":[11,41,56,114],"normalization":[12,62,209],"enhancing":[14],"linewidth":[15,125],"beat-signal":[17],"coherence":[18],"in":[19,58,124,133,188,217,227],"multi-chirp":[21,153,201,228],"microwave":[22],"photonic":[23,94,229],"radar":[24,95,158,230],"system.":[25],"The":[26],"proposed":[27,255],"Beat":[28,75],"Signal":[29,76],"Chirp":[30,77],"Phase":[32],"Normalization":[33,78],"(BSCPN)":[34],"technique":[35],"introduces":[36],"adaptive":[37],"corrections":[38],"to":[39,129,136,177,190,248],"inter-chirp":[40,213],"chirp-rate":[43],"drift":[44],"of":[45,101,112,127,146,172,197,235,253],"the":[46,59,119,152,156,191,195,250,254],"received":[47],"signal,":[48],"effectively":[49],"aligning":[50],"multiple":[51],"successive":[52],"chirps":[53],"eliminating":[55],"discontinuities":[57,115],"post-processing.":[60],"This":[61],"enables":[63],"coherent":[64],"integration":[65],"across":[66],"chirps,":[67],"yielding":[68],"improved":[69,224],"range":[70,134,180,225],"profiles":[71],"detection":[73],"fidelity.":[74],"(BSCN)":[79],"full-BSCPN":[81],"methods":[82],"were":[83],"implemented":[84],"detecting":[86],"multi-target":[87],"configurations":[88],"two-,":[90],"three-,":[91],"four-chirp":[93,157],"systems":[96],"with":[97,169,242],"varying":[98],"object":[99],"spacings":[100],"3.5":[102],"cm,":[103,105],"3.0":[104],"2.7":[107],"cm.":[108],"Through":[109],"post-processing":[110,208],"compensation":[111],"chirp-to-chirp":[113],"normalization,":[118],"results":[120,204],"show":[121],"an":[122,131],"improvement":[123,132],"reduction":[126,145,187],"up":[128,176],"70-75%,":[130],"accuracy":[135],"sub-centimeter":[137],"levels,":[138],"peak":[141],"sidelobe":[142],"level":[143],"(PSL)":[144],"approximately":[147],"6-12":[148],"dB,":[149],"depending":[150],"on":[151],"configuration.":[154],"Additionally,":[155],"operation":[159],"(73-74":[160],"GHz,":[161,163,165],"74-75.5":[162],"75.5-78":[164],"78-80":[166],"GHz;":[167],"each":[168],"duration":[171],"0.375":[173],"\u03bcs)":[174],"achieves":[175],"0.22":[178],"cm":[179],"resolution":[181,226],"6-8":[184],"dB":[185],"PSL":[186],"comparison":[189],"uncompensated":[192],"case,":[193],"confirming":[194],"effectiveness":[196],"BSCPN":[198,211],"higherorder":[200],"operation.":[202],"These":[203],"demonstrate":[205],"that":[206],"receiver-side":[207],"through":[210],"restores":[212],"beat":[214],"coherence,":[215],"reflected":[216],"aligned":[218],"beat-frequency":[219],"components,":[220],"reduced":[221],"linewidth,":[222],"systems.":[231],"Furthermore,":[232],"additional":[233],"analyses":[234],"computational":[236],"complexity":[237],"processing":[239],"latency,":[240],"along":[241],"low-SNR":[243],"robustness,":[244],"have":[245],"been":[246],"incorporated":[247],"enhance":[249],"practical":[251],"applicability":[252],"framework.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-05-16T00:00:00"}