{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160952154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3692628","title":"Experimental Verification of Millimeter-Wave Beamforming Using an Embedded-Source-Excited Metasurface via Auxiliary Surface-Wave Excitation","display_name":"Experimental Verification of Millimeter-Wave Beamforming Using an Embedded-Source-Excited Metasurface via Auxiliary Surface-Wave Excitation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160952154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3692628"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3692628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3692628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3692628","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056839745","display_name":"Tianke Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4631-2870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75717288","display_name":"Rogers (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05m9vrv91","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75717288"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianke Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["1The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4631-2870","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75717288"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014915074","display_name":"Jean Louis Keyrouz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8840-8438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75717288","display_name":"Rogers (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05m9vrv91","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75717288"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean Louis Keyrouz","raw_affiliation_strings":["1The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8840-8438","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75717288"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070739839","display_name":"Morris Repeta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097166","display_name":"Larus Technologies (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00q3rb237","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097166"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morris Repeta","raw_affiliation_strings":["2Dell Technologies, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3067-2320","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Dell Technologies, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135984406","display_name":"Navjot K. Khaira","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149435","display_name":"DELL (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05rejmm18","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149435"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Navjot K. Khaira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dell Technologies, 3Office of the CTO, Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dell Technologies, 3Office of the CTO, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149435"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135964043","display_name":"Tejinder Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5870-6204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149435","display_name":"DELL (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05rejmm18","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149435"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tejinder Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dell Technologies, 3Office of the CTO, Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5870-6204","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dell Technologies, 3Office of the CTO, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149435"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135939041","display_name":"George V. Eleftheriades","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7987-3864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75717288","display_name":"Rogers (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05m9vrv91","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75717288"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George V. Eleftheriades","raw_affiliation_strings":["1The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7987-3864","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75717288"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47599828,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"75457","last_page":"75468"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.8684999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.8684999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.05119999870657921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10295","display_name":"Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research","score":0.02419999986886978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excitation","display_name":"Excitation","score":0.560699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.5116999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.29089999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.2624000012874603}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5742999911308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83581075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361503","display_name":"Excitation","level":2,"score":0.560699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.5116999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42579999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.39410001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3650999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3278999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.29089999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184892835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474513","display_name":"Electromagnetic interference","level":2,"score":0.2556000053882599}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3692628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3692628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:43aad0e312ab4371a7c7316a1419241e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/43aad0e312ab4371a7c7316a1419241e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 75457-75468 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3692628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3692628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.5043023824691772}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322675","display_name":"Mitacs","ror":"https://ror.org/00cjrc276"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electromagnetic":[0],"metasurfaces":[1],"(MTSs)":[2],"have":[3],"been":[4],"widely":[5],"utilized":[6,63],"for":[7,53],"systematic":[8],"wavefront":[9],"transformation":[10],"to":[11,64,121],"enhance":[12],"wireless":[13],"communication":[14],"through":[15,114],"transmission":[16],"and":[17,30,51,74,123,156],"reflection.":[18],"By":[19],"embedding":[20],"active":[21],"radiating":[22],"sources":[23],"into":[24],"the":[25,47,70,90,96,100,108,111],"MTS,":[26],"a":[27,42,66,124],"more":[28],"compact":[29],"integrated":[31],"antenna":[32,146],"system":[33],"can":[34],"be":[35],"realized.":[36],"In":[37],"this":[38],"work,":[39],"we":[40],"utilize":[41],"design":[43],"framework":[44,61],"based":[45],"on":[46],"method":[48],"of":[49,69,102,110,161],"moments":[50],"optimization,":[52],"implementing":[54],"impedance":[55,72],"MTSs":[56],"with":[57,99,137],"embedded":[58,75],"sources.":[59],"This":[60],"is":[62,86,92,134],"develop":[65],"physical":[67],"realization":[68],"required":[71],"sheet":[73],"line":[76],"source":[77],"at":[78,140,148,154],"millimeter-wave":[79],"(mmWave)":[80],"frequencies.":[81,142],"The":[82,131,143],"incident":[83],"power,":[84],"which":[85],"initially":[87],"concentrated":[88],"near":[89],"source,":[91],"efficiently":[93],"redistributed":[94],"across":[95],"entire":[97],"surface":[98,104],"assistance":[101],"auxiliary":[103],"waves.":[105],"We":[106],"demonstrate":[107,151],"effectiveness":[109],"proposed":[112,132],"approach":[113,133],"numerical":[115],"examples":[116],"that":[117],"achieve":[118,157],"beamforming":[119],"up":[120],"60\u00b0":[122],"slightly":[125],"over":[126],"100%":[127],"aperture":[128],"illumination":[129,159],"efficiency.":[130],"further":[135],"validated":[136],"experimental":[138],"results":[139],"mmWave":[141],"fabricated":[144],"MTS":[145],"operates":[147],"25.65":[149],"GHz,":[150],"beam":[152],"pointing":[153],"30\u00b0,":[155],"an":[158],"efficiency":[160],"65%.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-23T06:10:36.450269","created_date":"2026-05-13T00:00:00"}
