{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160957659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3691879","title":"Adaptive Tuning Method for Parameters of Flywheel Energy Storage System Based on BO and TCN-GRU-Residual","display_name":"Adaptive Tuning Method for Parameters of Flywheel Energy Storage System Based on BO and TCN-GRU-Residual","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160957659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3691879"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3691879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3691879","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3691879","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101978204","display_name":"Xiankui Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8451-2462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145500","display_name":"Guizhou Electric Power Design and Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/055f13495","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145500"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiankui Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems Technology Research Center, Electric Power Research Institute, Guizhou Power Grid Company Ltd., Guiyang, Guizhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Technology Research Center, Electric Power Research Institute, Guizhou Power Grid Company Ltd., Guiyang, Guizhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038301069","display_name":"Huayang Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3431-1336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145500","display_name":"Guizhou Electric Power Design and Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/055f13495","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145500"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huayang Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems Technology Research Center, Electric Power Research Institute, Guizhou Power Grid Company Ltd., Guiyang, Guizhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Technology Research Center, Electric Power Research Institute, Guizhou Power Grid Company Ltd., Guiyang, Guizhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135916991","display_name":"Yi Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74872605","display_name":"China Southern Power Grid (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03hkh9419","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74872605"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Southern Power Grid Technology Company Ltd., Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Southern Power Grid Technology Company Ltd., Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74872605"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135935531","display_name":"Qiang Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145500","display_name":"Guizhou Electric Power Design and Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/055f13495","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145500"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems Technology Research Center, Electric Power Research Institute, Guizhou Power Grid Company Ltd., Guiyang, Guizhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Technology Research Center, Electric Power Research Institute, Guizhou Power Grid Company Ltd., Guiyang, Guizhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056904628","display_name":"Bojun Ai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145500","display_name":"Guizhou Electric Power Design and Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/055f13495","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145500"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bojun AI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems Technology Research Center, Electric Power Research Institute, Guizhou Power Grid Company Ltd., Guiyang, Guizhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1490-9869","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Technology Research Center, Electric Power Research Institute, Guizhou Power Grid Company Ltd., Guiyang, Guizhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126709203","display_name":"Lingrong Pang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145500","display_name":"Guizhou Electric Power Design and Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/055f13495","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145500"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingrong Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems Technology Research Center, Electric Power Research Institute, Guizhou Power Grid Company Ltd., Guiyang, Guizhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Technology Research Center, Electric Power Research Institute, Guizhou Power Grid Company Ltd., Guiyang, Guizhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135992883","display_name":"Rong Zeng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145500","display_name":"Guizhou Electric Power Design and Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/055f13495","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145500"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rong Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems Technology Research Center, Electric Power Research Institute, Guizhou Power Grid Company Ltd., Guiyang, Guizhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Technology Research Center, Electric Power Research Institute, Guizhou Power Grid Company Ltd., Guiyang, Guizhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101074282","display_name":"Zhengjun Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74872605","display_name":"China Southern Power Grid (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03hkh9419","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74872605"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengjun Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Southern Power Grid Technology Company Ltd., Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Southern Power Grid Technology Company Ltd., Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74872605"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135179380","display_name":"Xiaoyin Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095908","display_name":"Advanced Energy (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs9dy63","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095908"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106808","display_name":"Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vcw4681","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106808"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Guangdong Advanced Energy Storage, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1093-8265","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Guangdong Advanced Energy Storage, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095908","https://openalex.org/I4210106808"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48642951,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"72683","last_page":"72698"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.2721000015735626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.2721000015735626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.19249999523162842,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10740","display_name":"Wind Turbine Control Systems","score":0.11890000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flywheel","display_name":"Flywheel","score":0.6887000203132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6158999800682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-optimization","display_name":"Bayesian optimization","score":0.5403000116348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.48820000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4352000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.4302000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flywheel-energy-storage","display_name":"Flywheel energy storage","score":0.3815999925136566}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7139000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31107917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183576","display_name":"Flywheel","level":2,"score":0.6887000203132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6158999800682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778049539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17002908","display_name":"Bayesian optimization","level":2,"score":0.5403000116348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.48820000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4352000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.4302000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779171476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1538992","display_name":"Flywheel energy storage","level":4,"score":0.3815999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.37940001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.3441999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157524613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2828883","display_name":"Fine-tuning","level":2,"score":0.33719998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107464732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235781","display_name":"Adaptive control","level":3,"score":0.3361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986766224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156793","display_name":"System optimization","level":2,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194739806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66221","display_name":"Computer data storage","level":2,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52970973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2497134","display_name":"Adaptive system","level":2,"score":0.2671000063419342}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3691879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3691879","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f56220d2fa2b4460b232b97890d511a2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f56220d2fa2b4460b232b97890d511a2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 72683-72698 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3691879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3691879","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8349179625511169}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2006008974","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024YFE0208100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Flywheel":[0],"Energy":[1],"Storage":[2],"Systems":[3],"(FESS)":[4],"play":[5],"a":[6,76],"vital":[7],"role":[8],"in":[9,129],"power":[10],"grid":[11],"frequency":[12],"regulation":[13],"and":[14,51,87,100,112,123,155,160],"new":[15],"energy":[16],"fluctuation":[17],"suppression,":[18],"yet":[19],"traditional":[20],"fixed-parameter":[21],"PID":[22,48,102,130,145],"control":[23,34,42,138],"fails":[24],"to":[25,27,32,63,92],"adapt":[26],"complex":[28],"operating":[29,66],"conditions,":[30],"leading":[31],"degraded":[33],"performance.":[35],"To":[36],"resolve":[37],"this":[38],"issue,":[39],"an":[40,65,119,124],"adaptive":[41,144],"framework":[43,141],"combining":[44],"Bayesian":[45],"Optimization":[46],"(BO)-based":[47],"parameter":[49,131,146],"tuning":[50],"TCN-GRU-Residual":[52],"deep":[53,77],"learning":[54,78],"is":[55,61,90],"proposed.":[56],"First,":[57],"the":[58,94,115],"BO":[59],"algorithm":[60],"used":[62],"establish":[64],"condition-parameter":[67],"mapping":[68,96],"dataset":[69],"for":[70],"six":[71],"typical":[72],"working":[73],"conditions.":[74],"Then,":[75],"model":[79,117],"integrated":[80],"with":[81,109,133],"depthwise":[82],"separable":[83],"convolution,":[84],"TCN,":[85],"GRU":[86],"residual":[88],"structures":[89],"designed":[91],"learn":[93],"nonlinear":[95],"between":[97],"multi-modal":[98],"conditions":[99],"optimal":[101],"parameters.":[103],"Simulation":[104],"results":[105],"show":[106],"that":[107],"compared":[108],"MLP,":[110],"PureGRU":[111],"other":[113],"models,":[114],"proposed":[116],"achieves":[118],"R\u00b2":[120],"of":[121,126],"0.99":[122],"RMSE":[125],"only":[127],"0.011":[128],"prediction,":[132],"inference":[134],"latency":[135],"meeting":[136],"real-time":[137],"requirements.":[139],"The":[140],"realizes":[142],"online":[143],"adjustment":[147],"without":[148],"relying":[149],"on":[150],"accurate":[151],"system":[152],"mathematical":[153],"models":[154],"exhibits":[156],"excellent":[157],"multi-condition":[158],"adaptability":[159],"engineering":[161],"applicability.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-19T06:13:58.757530","created_date":"2026-05-13T00:00:00"}
