{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160621866","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3691367","title":"Terahertz Hybrid Waveguides: Design Optimization for Bandwidth, Loss, and Dispersion","display_name":"Terahertz Hybrid Waveguides: Design Optimization for Bandwidth, Loss, and Dispersion","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160621866","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3691367"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3691367","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3691367","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3691367","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135708809","display_name":"Jing Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7152-1500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Terahertz Innovation Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunication, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7152-1500","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Terahertz Innovation Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunication, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135654914","display_name":"Mazen Abed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mazen Abed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Terahertz Innovation Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunication, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Terahertz Innovation Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunication, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084588494","display_name":"Dominik Walter Vogt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9091-5527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominik Walter Vogt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Terahertz Innovation Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunication, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9091-5527","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Terahertz Innovation Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunication, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135672270","display_name":"Deepak Mishra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3225-6495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepak Mishra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Terahertz Innovation Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunication, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3225-6495","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Terahertz Innovation Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunication, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135677960","display_name":"Jinhong Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5794-493X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinhong Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Terahertz Innovation Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunication, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5794-493X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Terahertz Innovation Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunication, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135647159","display_name":"Haisu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2106-7402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haisu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of All Optical Network and Advanced Telecommunication Network of EMC, Institute of Lightwave Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2106-7402","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of All Optical Network and Advanced Telecommunication Network of EMC, Institute of Lightwave Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123029910","display_name":"Shaghik Atakaramians","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaghik Atakaramians","raw_affiliation_strings":["Terahertz Innovation Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunication, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7413-8254","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Terahertz Innovation Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunication, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5135708809"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87144461,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"72879","last_page":"72890"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11803","display_name":"Superconducting and THz Device Technology","score":0.4779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11803","display_name":"Superconducting and THz Device Technology","score":0.4779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10752","display_name":"Terahertz technology and applications","score":0.37470000982284546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11111","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","score":0.04439999908208847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-radiation","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dispersion","display_name":"Dispersion (optics)","score":0.5995000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrafast-optics","display_name":"Ultrafast optics","score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractive-index","display_name":"Refractive index","score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-design","display_name":"Optimal design","score":0.25999999046325684}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6647999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177562468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182893","display_name":"Dispersion (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5995000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.5242999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.42590001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982945726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844471","display_name":"Ultrafast optics","level":4,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42067758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174102","display_name":"Refractive index","level":2,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186394612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098942","display_name":"Optimal design","level":2,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102755159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7259683","display_name":"Pulse shaping","level":3,"score":0.24269999563694}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3691367","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3691367","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:92f79abd17cd4f8087d360602b24833c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/92f79abd17cd4f8087d360602b24833c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 72879-72890 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3691367","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3691367","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6839254053","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NI230100096","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337300","funder_display_name":"Office of National Intelligence"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337300","display_name":"Office of National Intelligence","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"growing":[1],"demand":[2],"for":[3,11,47,69,128,138,157,166,183],"compact,":[4],"high-performance":[5],"terahertz":[6,48],"(THz)":[7],"photonic":[8,22,76,185],"systems":[9],"calls":[10],"waveguide":[12],"designs":[13],"that":[14],"balance":[15],"bandwidth,":[16,169],"loss,":[17],"and":[18,44,57,71,90,130,171],"integration":[19],"flexibility.":[20],"Hybrid":[21],"crystal":[23],"(HPC)":[24],"waveguides,":[25],"formed":[26],"by":[27],"silicon":[28],"pillar":[29],"lattices":[30,92],"between":[31],"parallel":[32],"metallic":[33],"plates,":[34],"enable":[35],"single-mode,":[36],"wide-bandwidth":[37],"(>100":[38],"GHz)":[39],"propagation":[40,102],"with":[41,101,115],"strong":[42],"confinement":[43],"dispersion":[45,123,172],"control":[46],"integrated":[49],"systems.":[50,186],"This":[51],"work":[52],"systematically":[53],"compares":[54],"square,":[55],"hexagonal,":[56],"isosceles":[58],"triangular":[59,109,140],"lattice":[60,110,151],"geometries":[61],"under":[62,173],"identical":[63],"periodicity":[64],"to":[65,134],"optimize":[66],"HPC":[67,181],"waveguides":[68],"single-mode":[70],"low-loss":[72,95],"propagation.Notably,":[73],"the":[74,83,108,139,149,154,160,178],"widest":[75],"bandgap":[77],"does":[78],"not":[79],"necessarily":[80],"translate":[81],"into":[82],"broadest":[84],"fundamental":[85],"mode":[86],"bandwidth.":[87,121],"Both":[88],"square":[89,129,150],"hexagonal":[91,131],"achieve":[93],"wide":[94],"bandwidths":[96],"of":[97,146,168,180],"approximately":[98],"140":[99],"GHz":[100,120,127,137],"loss":[103],"below":[104],"0.05":[105],"dB/mm,":[106],"while":[107,176],"operates":[111],"at":[112],"higher":[113],"frequencies":[114],"a":[116,164],"narrower":[117],"\u223c":[118,125,135],"70":[119],"Near-zero":[122],"spans":[124],"100":[126],"lattices,":[132],"compared":[133],"40":[136],"design.":[141],"Considering":[142],"current":[143],"fabrication":[144,174],"limitations":[145],"hybrid":[147],"structures,":[148],"emerges":[152],"as":[153],"preferred":[155],"option":[156],"fabrication.":[158],"Overall,":[159],"proposed":[161],"methodology":[162],"provides":[163],"framework":[165],"co-design":[167],"attenuation,":[170],"constraints,":[175],"demonstrating":[177],"flexibility":[179],"structures":[182],"THz":[184]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2026-05-09T00:00:00"}