{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160431402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3690802","title":"Hybrid Quantum-Classical Algorithm Design for Coupled Phase-Shift Optimization of STAR-RIS","display_name":"Hybrid Quantum-Classical Algorithm Design for Coupled Phase-Shift Optimization of STAR-RIS","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160431402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3690802"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3690802","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3690802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3690802","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127833796","display_name":"Su-Chang Lim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199143407","display_name":"Sunchon National University","ror":"https://ror.org/043jqrs76","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199143407"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Su-Chang Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4891-4745","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199143407"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127835741","display_name":"Jong-Chan Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199143407","display_name":"Sunchon National University","ror":"https://ror.org/043jqrs76","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199143407"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jong-Chan Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8219-4501","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199143407"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7018805,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"72495","last_page":"72507"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.1379999965429306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.1379999965429306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11082","display_name":"Spacecraft Dynamics and Control","score":0.05310000106692314,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11701","display_name":"Space Satellite Systems and Control","score":0.0430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm-design","display_name":"Algorithm design","score":0.4271000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-algorithm","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","score":0.3513999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-algorithm","display_name":"Hybrid algorithm (constraint satisfaction)","score":0.30070000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/approximation-algorithm","display_name":"Approximation algorithm","score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.2849000096321106}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6973000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4925000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.4271000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987595161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","level":2,"score":0.3513999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3319999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62469222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092103","display_name":"Hybrid algorithm (constraint satisfaction)","level":5,"score":0.30070000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148764684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621751","display_name":"Approximation algorithm","level":2,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55660270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164377","display_name":"Constrained optimization","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3690802","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3690802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ae75de5949e848aa980e172855d8a457","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ae75de5949e848aa980e172855d8a457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 72495-72507 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3690802","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3690802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Simultaneously":[0],"transmitting":[1],"and":[2,16,30,102,183],"reflecting":[3],"reconfigurable":[4],"intelligent":[5],"surface":[6],"(STAR-RIS)":[7],"enables":[8],"360-degree":[9],"full-space":[10],"coverage":[11],"by":[12],"controlling":[13],"both":[14],"transmitted":[15],"reflected":[17],"signals":[18],"through":[19,99],"each":[20,140],"element.":[21],"However,":[22],"the":[23,28,37,65,73,94,106,130,154,208,226],"coupled":[24,74],"phase-shift":[25,75],"model,":[26],"where":[27],"transmission":[29],"reflection":[31],"coefficients":[32],"are":[33],"physically":[34],"interdependent,":[35],"transforms":[36],"phase":[38,81,147],"optimization":[39],"into":[40,132],"an":[41,159],"extremely":[42],"complex":[43],"non-convex":[44],"combinatorial":[45],"problem":[46],"that":[47,63,128,153,207],"classical":[48],"algorithms":[49],"struggle":[50],"to":[51,71,85,92,221,240],"solve":[52],"efficiently.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55],"paper,":[56],"we":[57,121],"propose":[58],"a":[59,86,123],"hybrid":[60],"quantum-classical":[61],"framework":[62,229],"employs":[64],"Quantum":[66],"Approximate":[67],"Optimization":[68],"Algorithm":[69],"(QAOA)":[70],"optimize":[72],"configuration":[76,82],"of":[77,109,135],"STAR-RIS.":[78],"Each":[79],"discrete":[80],"is":[83],"mapped":[84],"qubit-based":[87],"Ising":[88],"Hamiltonian,":[89],"enabling":[90,235],"QAOA":[91,166],"explore":[93],"exponentially":[95],"large":[96,111],"solution":[97],"space":[98],"quantum":[100,180,249],"superposition":[101],"entanglement.":[103],"To":[104],"address":[105],"scalability":[107],"challenge":[108],"simulating":[110],"antenna":[112],"arrays":[113,238],"(e.g.,":[114],"8":[115,117,143],"\u00d7":[116,137,242],"=":[118],"64":[119],"elements),":[120],"introduce":[122],"variable":[124],"grouping":[125],"(tiling)":[126],"strategy":[127],"partitions":[129],"RIS":[131],"manageable":[133],"sub-arrays":[134],"2":[136,138],"elements,":[139],"requiring":[141],"only":[142],"qubits":[144],"for":[145],"2-bit":[146],"quantization.":[148],"Our":[149],"comprehensive":[150],"simulations":[151],"demonstrate":[152],"proposed":[155,227],"QAOA-based":[156],"optimizer":[157],"achieves":[158,211],"approximation":[160],"ratio":[161],"exceeding":[162],"0.94":[163],"with":[164,192,232],"10":[165],"layers,":[167],"maintains":[168],"over":[169],"86%":[170],"fidelity":[171],"under":[172,187],"2%":[173],"gate":[174],"error":[175,200],"rates":[176],"in":[177],"noisy":[178],"intermediate-scale":[179],"(NISQ)":[181],"environments,":[182],"exhibits":[184],"robust":[185],"performance":[186],"imperfect":[188],"channel":[189],"state":[190],"information":[191],"less":[193],"than":[194],"5%":[195],"degradation":[196],"at":[197],"30%":[198],"CSI":[199],"variance.":[201],"The":[202],"energy":[203,219],"efficiency":[204,216],"analysis":[205],"confirms":[206],"QAOA-optimized":[209],"STAR-RIS":[210],"approximately":[212],"1.7\u00d7":[213],"higher":[214],"spectral":[215],"per":[217],"unit":[218],"compared":[220],"conventional":[222],"reflect-only":[223],"RIS.":[224],"Furthermore,":[225],"tiling":[228],"scales":[230],"linearly":[231],"array":[233],"size,":[234],"deployment":[236],"on":[237],"up":[239],"16":[241,243],"elements":[244],"while":[245],"maintaining":[246],"constant":[247],"per-group":[248],"resource":[250],"requirements.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-05-07T00:00:00"}