{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160088972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3688612","title":"Joint Signal-Power and Direction of Arrival Estimation for Far-Field Targets Using Novel Metaheuristic Framework","display_name":"Joint Signal-Power and Direction of Arrival Estimation for Far-Field Targets Using Novel Metaheuristic Framework","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160088972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3688612"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3688612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3688612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3688612","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052255806","display_name":"Fawad Zaman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1604-7842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158708052","display_name":"Chulalongkorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/028wp3y58","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fawad Zaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091488886","display_name":"Zohaib Akhtar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2868-5756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zohaib Akhtar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2868-5756","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066244958","display_name":"Sadiq Akbar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158708052","display_name":"Chulalongkorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/028wp3y58","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadiq Akbar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004448991","display_name":"Gridsada Phanomchoeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6518-0992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158708052","display_name":"Chulalongkorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/028wp3y58","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gridsada Phanomchoeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6518-0992","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86139118,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"65923","last_page":"65931"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.2808000147342682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.2808000147342682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.23829999566078186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.1080000028014183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.7343000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5085999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.4343999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direction-of-arrival","display_name":"Direction of arrival","score":0.4275999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-heuristic","display_name":"Meta heuristic","score":0.32170000672340393}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.7343000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7285000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5085999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4611999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.4343999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172051844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280438","display_name":"Direction of arrival","level":3,"score":0.4275999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988037039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Meta heuristic","level":2,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163150518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4135208","display_name":"Time of arrival","level":3,"score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017552255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4135208","display_name":"Arrival time","level":2,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.2542000114917755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3688612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3688612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5723dc8891b142ddb867e307c0aeb34e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5723dc8891b142ddb867e307c0aeb34e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 65923-65931 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3688612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3688612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"estimation":[1,120,201,236],"of":[2,7,74,99,150,208,217,235],"signal":[3,21,95,219],"power":[4,59,96,113,179,207],"and":[5,25,97,117,147,185,206,239],"Direction":[6],"Arrival":[8],"(DOA)":[9],"from":[10],"array":[11],"data":[12],"is":[13,32,35,60,115,122,139,226],"a":[14,80,125],"challenging":[15],"problem":[16],"with":[17,176,229],"numerous":[18],"applications":[19],"in":[20,44,51,214,233],"processing,":[22],"radar,":[23],"sonar":[24],"seismic":[26],"exploration.":[27],"Once":[28],"the":[29,38,49,52,57,64,70,75,85,94,107,118,143,151,167,173,177,189,196,209,215],"DOA":[30,98,175,205],"information":[31,159],"gained,":[33],"it":[34],"given":[36],"to":[37,41,62,91,110,165,181,220],"beamformer":[39],"network":[40],"place":[42],"nulls":[43],"jammer":[45],"directions,":[46],"while":[47],"maintaining":[48],"mainbeam":[50],"desired":[53,148,174],"look":[54],"direction.":[55],"Similarly,":[56],"estimated":[58,108],"used":[61],"calculate":[63],"radar":[65],"cross":[66],"section":[67],"that":[68,141,195],"represent":[69],"effective":[71],"reflecting":[72],"area":[73],"target.":[76],"This":[77,153],"work,":[78],"proposes":[79],"unified":[81],"framework":[82,198,225],"based":[83,133],"on":[84,134],"Artificial":[86],"Protozoa":[87],"Optimization":[88],"(APO)":[89],"Algorithm":[90],"jointly":[92],"estimate":[93],"multiple":[100],"far-field":[101],"targets.":[102],"A":[103,130],"system":[104],"model":[105],"linking":[106],"amplitudes":[109],"their":[111],"corresponding":[112,180],"levels":[114],"formulated,":[116],"joint":[119],"task":[121],"posed":[123],"as":[124],"single":[126],"dimensional":[127],"search":[128,168],"problem.":[129],"cost":[131,154],"function":[132,155],"Mean":[135],"Square":[136],"Error":[137],"(MSE)":[138],"designed":[140],"defines":[142],"difference":[144],"between":[145],"actual":[146],"output":[149],"system.":[152],"neither":[156],"require":[157,188],"derivative":[158],"nor":[160],"any":[161,182],"strict":[162],"statistical":[163],"assumptions":[164],"explore":[166],"space.":[169],"It":[170],"automatically":[171],"pair":[172],"relevant":[178],"particular":[183],"target":[184],"does":[186],"not":[187],"multidimensional":[190],"search.":[191],"Simulation":[192],"results":[193],"verify":[194],"proposed":[197,224],"provides":[199],"better":[200],"accuracy":[202],"for":[203],"both":[204],"far":[210],"field":[211],"targets":[212],"even":[213],"presence":[216],"low":[218],"noise":[221],"ratio.":[222],"The":[223],"also":[227],"compared":[228],"already":[230],"existing":[231],"algorithms":[232],"terms":[234],"accuracy,":[237],"MSE":[238],"robustness":[240],"against":[241],"noise.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-05-05T00:00:00"}
