{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7159950849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3688273","title":"Comparative Study of PMSG, EESG, and HESG for Wind Power Application of Different Power Levels","display_name":"Comparative Study of PMSG, EESG, and HESG for Wind Power Application of Different Power Levels","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7159950849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3688273"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3688273","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3688273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3688273","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030216375","display_name":"Tianzheng Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3456-212X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tianzheng Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3456-212X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132713593","display_name":"Zi Qiang Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zi Qiang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7175-3307","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068641040","display_name":"Ziad Azar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9515-9004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151799","display_name":"Siemens Healthcare (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/054962n91","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151799"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziad Azar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siemens Energy Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd., Lincoln, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9515-9004","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens Energy Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd., Lincoln, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056581914","display_name":"Nima Madani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126633","display_name":"Siemens (Denmark)","ror":"https://ror.org/031gmvg29","country_code":"DK","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976","https://openalex.org/I4210126633"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nima Madani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S, Brande, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S, Brande, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126633"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030216375"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84976689,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"64920","last_page":"64934"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10740","display_name":"Wind Turbine Control Systems","score":0.49559998512268066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10740","display_name":"Wind Turbine Control Systems","score":0.49559998512268066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.03889999911189079,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10680","display_name":"Wind Energy Research and Development","score":0.035599999129772186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.6467999815940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5335000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-speed","display_name":"Wind speed","score":0.3255999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-system-harmonics","display_name":"Power system harmonics","score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.2919999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.6467999815940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5335000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4738999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.412200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.3255999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985592304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001183","display_name":"Power system harmonics","level":4,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.26190000772476196}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3688273","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3688273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:240768","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3456-212X>,","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ef3d8335c6264ff687fe5e4559bb0ab0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ef3d8335c6264ff687fe5e4559bb0ab0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 64920-64934 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3688273","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3688273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8496021628379822}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4972906155","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202206160023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,91],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"permanent":[3,120,226,236],"magnet":[4,121,227,237],"synchronous":[5,9,14,109,122,140,160,165,188,193,212,228,238],"generators,":[6,10,123],"electrically":[7,107,138,163,186,210],"excited":[8,13,108,139,159,164,187,192,211],"and":[11,24,31,50,85,99,113,124,129,190,254],"hybrid":[12,158,191],"generators":[15,38,66,89,141,189,194],"are":[16,45,55,111,125],"compared":[17,222],"to":[18,127,175,200,223,250],"evaluate":[19],"the":[20,51,63,71,76,82,92,96,105,117,132,151,154,201,209,224,234,251,260],"difference":[21,77],"in":[22,131,171,177],"performance":[23],"cost":[25,103,218,258],"efficiency":[26],"for":[27,47,230,245],"3":[28,32,93,133,172,178],"kW":[29,94,173],"medium-speed-low-torque":[30],"MW":[33,134,179],"low-speed-high-torque":[34,231],"wind":[35,232,247],"turbines.":[36],"These":[37],"with":[39],"outer":[40,64],"rotor":[41,44,65,73],"or":[42],"inner":[43,72],"optimized":[46,106,118],"maximum":[48],"torque,":[49],"optimal":[52],"pole":[53],"numbers":[54],"identified.":[56],"The":[57],"results":[58],"of":[59,88,104,116,157,203],"comparison":[60],"show":[61],"that":[62],"have":[67,142,195],"higher":[68,196],"torque":[69,97,100,144,155,253],"than":[70,216,259],"ones":[74],"while":[75],"between":[78],"them":[79],"decreases":[80],"as":[81],"power":[83],"level":[84],"radial":[86],"dimension":[87],"increase.":[90],"case,":[95,135],"density":[98],"per":[101],"material":[102],"generator":[110,161,166,213,229,239],"11.6%":[112],"28.2%":[114],"those":[115],"surface-mounted":[119,225,235],"increased":[126],"51.0%":[128],"211.3%":[130],"respectively,":[136],"because":[137],"better":[143],"capability":[145],"at":[146],"heavy":[147],"load":[148],"scenarios.":[149],"For":[150],"same":[152],"reason,":[153],"advantage":[156],"over":[162],"is":[167,214,240],"decreased":[168],"from":[169],"149.1%":[170],"case":[174],"9.6%":[176],"case.":[180],"When":[181],"considering":[182],"lifecycle":[183,257],"cost,":[184],"however,":[185],"operational":[197],"expenditures":[198],"due":[199,249],"maintenance":[202],"brush":[204],"+":[205],"slipring.":[206],"Therefore,":[207],"although":[208],"more":[215],"twice":[217],"efficient":[219],"(material":[220],"cost)":[221],"turbines,":[233],"still":[241],"an":[242],"ideal":[243],"choice":[244],"both":[246],"turbines":[248],"highest":[252],"possibly":[255],"lower":[256],"other":[261],"two":[262],"generators.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-11T08:15:01.531666","created_date":"2026-05-04T00:00:00"}
