{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7156011828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3687517","title":"Scalable Traffic Flow Forecasting Using Floating Car Data, Clustering, and Deep Learning Models","display_name":"Scalable Traffic Flow Forecasting Using Floating Car Data, Clustering, and Deep Learning Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7156011828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3687517"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3687517","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3687517","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3687517","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115434981","display_name":"Thamires De Souza Oliveira","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thamires de Souza Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3868-7610","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084361831","display_name":"David Pagano","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Pagano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089099697","display_name":"Salvatore Cavalieri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9077-3688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salvatore Cavalieri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9077-3688","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045954517","display_name":"Vincenza Torrisi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9332-4212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincenza Torrisi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037234930","display_name":"Giovanni Calabr\u00f2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4232-8026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Calabr\u00f3","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4232-8026","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44798999,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"67405","last_page":"67421"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9300000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9300000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.015699999406933784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11326","display_name":"Stock Market Forecasting Methods","score":0.00419999985024333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.7860999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.566100001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-flow","display_name":"Traffic flow (computer networking)","score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.37610000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.3727000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.34360000491142273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8037999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.7860999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6105999946594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.566100001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4300999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207512268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3074551","display_name":"Traffic flow (computer networking)","level":2,"score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.37610000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.3727000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36579999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.34360000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114809511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412924","display_name":"Flow network","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3687517","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3687517","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:16ed5d7cc73548a8bc061515790612c8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/16ed5d7cc73548a8bc061515790612c8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 67405-67421 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3687517","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3687517","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4020594358444214,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cities":[0],"and":[1,19,90,100,188,196],"urban":[2,197],"areas":[3],"often":[4,52],"struggle":[5],"with":[6,48,67,84,94],"road":[7,113,172],"network":[8],"oversaturation":[9],"events":[10],"leading":[11],"to":[12,36,54,122,135,151,166,191],"longer":[13],"travel":[14],"times,":[15],"increasing":[16],"pollutant":[17],"emissions,":[18],"operational":[20],"inefficiencies.":[21],"To":[22,106],"help":[23],"better":[24],"manage":[25],"these":[26],"negative":[27],"effects,":[28],"traffic":[29,37,104,118,140,154,185,194],"management":[30,195],"organizations":[31],"depend":[32],"on":[33,116,171],"constant":[34],"access":[35],"data.":[38],"Fixed":[39],"sensors":[40],"can":[41],"provide":[42],"this":[43],"kind":[44],"of":[45,80,97,112,126],"data":[46,82],"but":[47,66],"high":[49,180],"costs":[50],"that":[51,77],"lead":[53],"limited":[55],"coverage,":[56],"while":[57,142],"Floating":[58],"Car":[59],"Data":[60],"(FCD)":[61],"generally":[62],"provides":[63],"extensive":[64],"coverage":[65],"partial":[68],"sampling.":[69],"This":[70],"paper":[71],"proposes":[72],"an":[73,109],"innovative":[74],"data-driven":[75],"framework":[76],"makes":[78],"use":[79,125],"FCD":[81,157],"integrated":[83],"fixed":[85],"sensor":[86,175],"data,":[87],"clustering":[88,111],"methods,":[89],"machine":[91,128],"learning":[92,129],"models":[93,132,144],"the":[95,124,183],"purpose":[96],"estimating":[98],"current":[99],"forecasting":[101,187],"future":[102],"short-term":[103,184],"flows.":[105],"accomplish":[107],"this,":[108],"unsupervised":[110],"segments":[114,136,173],"based":[115],"similar":[117],"patterns":[119],"is":[120,164],"performed":[121],"allow":[123],"specialized":[127],"models.":[130],"LightGBM":[131],"are":[133,145],"applied":[134],"characterized":[137],"by":[138],"low-variability":[139],"patterns,":[141],"CNN-BiLSTM":[143],"adopted":[146],"for":[147,182],"highly":[148],"variable":[149],"conditions":[150],"infer":[152],"actual":[153],"volumes":[155],"from":[156],"samples.":[158],"Afterwards,":[159],"a":[160],"single-layer":[161],"LSTM":[162],"model":[163],"employed":[165],"perform":[167],"forward":[168],"forecast":[169],"predictions":[170],"without":[174],"coverage.":[176],"Experimental":[177],"results":[178],"show":[179],"accuracy":[181],"flow":[186],"its":[189],"potential":[190],"support":[192],"real-time":[193],"mobility":[198],"policies.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-13T06:04:23.736269","created_date":"2026-04-28T00:00:00"}