{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154624776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3684562","title":"OcularWorldSim: A Visual World Model for Ophthalmic Microsurgery With Sim-to-Real Transfer Learning","display_name":"OcularWorldSim: A Visual World Model for Ophthalmic Microsurgery With Sim-to-Real Transfer Learning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154624776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3684562"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3684562","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3684562","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3684562","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060901457","display_name":"Hongrui Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156804","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/056swr059","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156804"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongrui Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133756980","display_name":"Lijuan Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156804","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/056swr059","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156804"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijuan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133737679","display_name":"Lihong Lian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156804","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/056swr059","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156804"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lihong Lian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034161454","display_name":"Yuqi Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0908-6499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuqi Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environment, Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0908-6499","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environment, Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101800004","display_name":"Yuzhou Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7798-8323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156804","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/056swr059","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156804"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuzhou Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156804"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45346942,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"99426","last_page":"99439"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12989","display_name":"Ocular Disorders and Treatments","score":0.2856999933719635,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12989","display_name":"Ocular Disorders and Treatments","score":0.2856999933719635,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.16189999878406525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11291","display_name":"Intraocular Surgery and Lenses","score":0.06769999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.4717000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microsurgery","display_name":"Microsurgery","score":0.35679998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-world-data","display_name":"Real world data","score":0.3174000084400177}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7064999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.4717000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4472000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776175482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195816","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","level":2,"score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781437307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q977628","display_name":"Microsurgery","level":2,"score":0.35679998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020493868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55631277","display_name":"Real world data","level":2,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985879086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061910","display_name":"Technology transfer","level":2,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.2572999894618988}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3684562","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3684562","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7caf924ab95844aeab9d5cd76f7af992","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7caf924ab95844aeab9d5cd76f7af992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 99426-99439 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3684562","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3684562","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4521762220","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"81600734","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8887624240","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"81600290","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Microsurgery":[0],"involving":[1],"the":[2,28,42,52,57,64,67,134,149,174,180,183,202,223,227,241,256],"eye":[3,137],"requires":[4],"precise":[5],"surgical":[6,21,39,129,153,171,186],"techniques":[7],"performed":[8,230],"at":[9,155],"micrometer":[10],"accuracy,":[11],"making":[12],"it":[13],"difficult":[14],"to":[15],"design":[16],"a":[17,85,96,124,140,162,251],"robotic":[18],"or":[19],"autonomous":[20],"system":[22],"that":[23,94,168,236],"will":[24],"work":[25],"effectively":[26],"in":[27,55,259],"domain":[29],"of":[30,44,111,128,136,158,185,195,222],"ophthalmic":[31,92],"microsurgery.":[32],"Some":[33],"advances":[34],"have":[35,74],"been":[36],"made":[37,76,239],"toward":[38],"robotics":[40],"and":[41,71,104,151,160,247],"field":[43],"Artificial":[45],"Intelligence":[46],"has":[47],"seen":[48],"great":[49],"success,":[50],"however,":[51],"methods":[53],"used":[54,177],"solving":[56],"\"sim-to-real\"":[58],"problem,":[59],"which":[60,122,146],"deals":[61],"with":[62],"bridging":[63],"gap":[65],"between":[66],"simulated":[68,150],"training":[69],"environment":[70],"clinical":[72,105],"environment,":[73],"not":[75],"sufficient":[77],"progress.":[78],"In":[79,182],"this":[80],"paper,":[81],"we":[82],"present":[83],"OcularWorldSim,":[84],"new":[86],"visual":[87],"world":[88],"model":[89],"framework":[90,109,229,243,258],"for":[91,98,178,255],"microsurgery":[93],"provides":[95],"means":[97],"effective":[99],"\"sim-toreal\"":[100],"learning":[101],"using":[102,189],"simulations":[103],"data.":[106],"The":[107],"OcularWorldSim":[108,191,228,242,257],"consists":[110],"three":[112,232],"core":[113],"innovations:":[114],"(1)":[115],"an":[116,193],"Anatomically-Aware":[117],"Spatiotemporal":[118],"Diffusion":[119],"Transformer":[120],"(AA-SDiT),":[121],"learns":[123],"structurally":[125],"organized":[126],"representation":[127],"dynamics":[130],"while":[131,207],"also":[132],"maintaining":[133],"constraints":[135],"anatomy;":[138],"(2)":[139],"Hierarchical":[141],"Domain":[142],"Adaptation":[143],"Module":[144],"(HDAM)":[145],"progressively":[147],"aligns":[148],"actual":[152],"distributions":[154],"different":[156],"levels":[157],"granularity;":[159],"(3)":[161],"Clinically-Guided":[163],"Reinforcement":[164],"Learning":[165],"(CGRL)":[166],"paradigm":[167],"incorporates":[169],"expert":[170],"knowledge":[172],"into":[173],"optimization":[175],"process":[176],"developing":[179],"policy.":[181],"area":[184],"phase":[187],"recognition":[188],"CATARACTS,":[190],"achieved":[192],"accuracy":[194],"89.7%":[196],"(5.8":[197],"percentage":[198,217],"points":[199,218],"higher":[200],"than":[201],"previously":[203],"best":[204],"performing":[205],"method)":[206],"achieving":[208],"82.4%":[209],"mean":[210],"Intersection-over-Union":[211],"(mIoU)":[212],"across":[213],"CaDIS":[214],"tasks":[215],"(7.4":[216],"higher).":[219],"Clinical":[220],"validation":[221],"predictions":[224,238],"produced":[225],"by":[226,231,240],"experienced":[233],"ophthalmologists":[234],"showed":[235],"all":[237],"are":[244],"temporally":[245],"coherent":[246],"anatomically":[248],"plausible,":[249],"indicating":[250],"potential":[252],"future":[253],"application":[254],"computer-assisted":[260],"intervention":[261],"systems.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-08T06:17:01.165560","created_date":"2026-04-17T00:00:00"}