{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154629229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3684124","title":"Max-Min Rate Optimization in Hybrid Active-Passive RIS-Assisted MU-MISO Systems: A DDPG-Based Joint Beamforming Approach","display_name":"Max-Min Rate Optimization in Hybrid Active-Passive RIS-Assisted MU-MISO Systems: A DDPG-Based Joint Beamforming Approach","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154629229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3684124"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3684124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3684124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3684124","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090094906","display_name":"Noura A. El-Alfi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5763-6769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88017793","display_name":"Port Said University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vx5yq44","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88017793"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noura A. El-Alfi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5763-6769","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88017793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133788394","display_name":"Mohamed A. Mohamed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed A. Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088592612","display_name":"Emad El\u2010Sayed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1287-8649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88017793","display_name":"Port Said University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vx5yq44","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88017793"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emad El-Sayed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88017793"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032770229","display_name":"Heba M. Abdel\u2010Atty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4850-174X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88017793","display_name":"Port Said University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vx5yq44","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88017793"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heba M. Abdel-Atty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4850-174X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88017793"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52731026,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"58829","last_page":"58842"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.18520000576972961,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.18520000576972961,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.16979999840259552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.11190000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.6035000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.382999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.28999999165534973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7121000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.6035000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.382999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3684124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3684124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:172880f7f9614dab8b39fea5deeccfad","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/172880f7f9614dab8b39fea5deeccfad","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 58829-58842 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3684124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3684124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.68553626537323,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reconfigurable":[0],"Intelligent":[1],"Surfaces":[2],"(RIS)":[3],"have":[4],"emerged":[5],"as":[6,204],"a":[7,23,51,78,83,97,132,177,189,205],"pivotal":[8],"technology":[9],"for":[10,54,210],"sixth-generation":[11],"(6G)":[12],"networks,":[13],"offering":[14],"the":[15,19,71,90,105,127,139,157,162,174,183,197],"potential":[16],"to":[17,69,124],"transform":[18],"wireless":[20],"environment":[21],"into":[22],"programmable":[24],"entity.":[25],"However,":[26],"purely":[27],"passive":[28],"surfaces":[29],"suffer":[30],"from":[31],"double":[32],"fading":[33],"effect":[34],"that":[35,137,156],"severely":[36],"attenuates":[37],"reflected":[38],"signals,":[39],"whereas":[40],"fully":[41],"active":[42,149],"architectures":[43],"introduce":[44],"prohibitive":[45],"power":[46,86,192],"consumption.":[47,193],"This":[48],"paper":[49],"proposes":[50],"novel":[52],"framework":[53,175],"enhancing":[55],"user":[56,73,185],"fairness":[57],"in":[58,120,182],"hybrid":[59,198],"active-passive":[60],"RIS-assisted":[61],"multiuser":[62],"MISO":[63],"systems.":[64],"The":[65,152],"primary":[66],"objective":[67],"is":[68,77],"maximize":[70],"minimum":[72,184],"data":[74],"rate,":[75],"which":[76,117],"non-convex":[79],"optimization":[80,115],"problem":[81],"under":[82],"strict":[84],"total":[85,191],"budget.":[87],"To":[88],"address":[89],"complex":[91],"coupling":[92],"between":[93,141],"variables,":[94],"we":[95],"propose":[96],"deep":[98,106],"reinforcement":[99],"learning":[100],"(DRL)":[101],"approach":[102],"based":[103],"on":[104],"deterministic":[107],"policy":[108,136],"gradient":[109],"(DDPG)":[110],"algorithm.":[111],"Unlike":[112],"conventional":[113],"alternating":[114],"(AO),":[116],"often":[118],"results":[119,154],"suboptimal":[121],"solutions":[122],"owing":[123],"parameter":[125],"decoupling,":[126],"proposed":[128,158],"DRL":[129],"agent":[130],"learns":[131],"joint":[133],"continuous":[134],"control":[135],"captures":[138],"interdependencies":[140],"base":[142],"station":[143],"beamforming,":[144],"RIS":[145,199],"phase":[146],"shifts,":[147],"and":[148,169,207],"amplification":[150],"gains.":[151],"simulation":[153],"demonstrate":[155],"method":[159],"significantly":[160],"outperforms":[161],"baseline":[163],"benchmarks,":[164],"including":[165],"block":[166],"coordinate":[167],"ascent":[168],"successive":[170],"convex":[171],"approximations.":[172],"Quantitatively,":[173],"achieves":[176],"125%":[178],"\u2013":[179],"150%":[180],"improvement":[181],"rate":[186],"while":[187],"maintaining":[188],"lower":[190],"These":[194],"findings":[195],"establish":[196],"paradigm,":[200],"combined":[201],"with":[202],"DRL,":[203],"robust":[206],"energy-efficient":[208],"solution":[209],"fairness-critical":[211],"6G":[212],"services.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-04-17T00:00:00"}