{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154129160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3683532","title":"Circularly Polarized Millimeter-Wave Antennas: Recent Developments, Design Challenges, and Future Directions","display_name":"Circularly Polarized Millimeter-Wave Antennas: Recent Developments, Design Challenges, and Future Directions","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154129160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3683532"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3683532","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3683532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3683532","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045285954","display_name":"Y. Dwivedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9292-3192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9747756","display_name":"Atal Bihari Vajpayee Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management","ror":"https://ror.org/008b3ap06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9747756"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yadvendra Prasad Dwivedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management (ABV-IIITM), Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management (ABV-IIITM), Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9747756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071290854","display_name":"Rakesh Chowdhury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7705-5849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9747756","display_name":"Atal Bihari Vajpayee Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management","ror":"https://ror.org/008b3ap06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9747756"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rakesh Chowdhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management (ABV-IIITM), Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7705-5849","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management (ABV-IIITM), Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9747756"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129476989","display_name":"Somesh Kumar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9747756","display_name":"Atal Bihari Vajpayee Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management","ror":"https://ror.org/008b3ap06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9747756"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Somesh Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management (ABV-IIITM), Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8712-1646","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management (ABV-IIITM), Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9747756"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9747756"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76971703,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"58043","last_page":"58064"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.37130001187324524,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.37130001187324524,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11803","display_name":"Superconducting and THz Device Technology","score":0.1712000072002411,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.07349999994039536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circular-polarization","display_name":"Circular polarization","score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.36660000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-optics","display_name":"Physical optics","score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometrical-optics","display_name":"Geometrical optics","score":0.2583000063896179}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6884999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5378999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153201621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5121676","display_name":"Circular polarization","level":3,"score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.36660000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154236941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942347","display_name":"Physical optics","level":2,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110277352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467980","display_name":"Geometrical optics","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982945726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844471","display_name":"Ultrafast optics","level":4,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68563686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6731531","display_name":"Magnetic circular dichroism","level":3,"score":0.23389999568462372}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3683532","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3683532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3199adaa726f49b3b785f58046c66498","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3199adaa726f49b3b785f58046c66498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 58043-58064 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3683532","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3683532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46602848172187805,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,144],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,27,68,103,148,152],"systematic":[4],"review":[5,66,145],"of":[6,30],"millimeter-wave":[7],"(mmWave)":[8],"circularly":[9],"polarized":[10],"(CP)":[11],"antennas,":[12],"covering":[13],"developments":[14],"from":[15],"early":[16],"design":[17],"approaches":[18],"to":[19,61],"recent":[20],"high":[21,127],"performance":[22],"configurations.":[23],"The":[24],"study":[25],"examines":[26],"wide":[28],"range":[29],"antenna":[31,162],"topologies,":[32],"including":[33,111],"substrate":[34],"integrated":[35],"waveguide":[36],"(SIW),":[37],"magneto-electric":[38],"(ME)":[39],"dipole,":[40],"dielectric":[41],"resonator":[42],"(DR),":[43],"patch,":[44],"slot,":[45],"reflectarray,":[46],"transmitarray,":[47],"metasurface":[48],"assisted,":[49],"lens,":[50],"leaky-wave,":[51],"horn,":[52],"Fabry\u2013P\u00e9rot,":[53],"waveguide,":[54],"loop,":[55],"and":[56,85,97,116,129,134,151,158],"reconfigurable":[57],"antennas.":[58],"In":[59],"addition":[60],"summarizing":[62],"prior":[63],"work,":[64],"the":[65],"provides":[67],"comparative":[69],"evaluation":[70],"based":[71],"on":[72],"impedance":[73],"bandwidth":[74,78,91],"(IBW),":[75],"axial":[76],"ratio":[77],"(ARBW),":[79],"gain,":[80],"radiation":[81],"efficiency,":[82],"structural":[83],"complexity,":[84],"feeding":[86],"techniques.":[87],"Design":[88],"trade-offs":[89],"between":[90],"enhancement,":[92],"gain":[93],"scalability,":[94],"fabrication":[95,124,159],"tolerance,":[96],"array":[98],"integration":[99],"are":[100,120,132,141],"discussed":[101],"in":[102],"consistent":[104],"framework.":[105],"Practical":[106],"challenges":[107],"at":[108],"mmWave":[109],"frequencies,":[110],"higher":[112],"losses,":[113],"alignment":[114],"sensitivity,":[115],"compact":[117],"implementation":[118],"limits,":[119],"also":[121],"highlighted.":[122],"Emerging":[123],"strategies":[125],"for":[126,155],"isolation":[128],"scalable":[130],"designs":[131],"outlined,":[133],"future":[135],"research":[136],"directions":[137],"within":[138],"themmWave":[139],"domain":[140],"briefly":[142],"discussed.":[143],"offers":[146],"both":[147],"consolidated":[149],"reference":[150],"practical":[153],"guideline":[154],"developing":[156],"efficient":[157],"friendly":[160],"CP":[161],"architectures.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2026-04-14T00:00:00"}
