{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154167940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3683507","title":"Single- and Multi-Beam 360\u00b0 Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna for 5G Millimeter-Wave Communication","display_name":"Single- and Multi-Beam 360\u00b0 Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna for 5G Millimeter-Wave Communication","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154167940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3683507"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3683507","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3683507","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3683507","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042177576","display_name":"Amit Patel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5358-843X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amitkumar Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5358-843X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036668954","display_name":"Aakash Bansal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4745-809X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aakash Bansal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4745-809X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133499356","display_name":"William Whittow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5668-8014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William G. Whittow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5668-8014","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061643137","display_name":"Chinthana Panagamuwa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3407-8423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chinthana J. Panagamuwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3407-8423","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77136762,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"57933","last_page":"57943"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.32829999923706055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.32829999923706055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.23309999704360962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.05209999904036522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconfigurable-antenna","display_name":"Reconfigurable antenna","score":0.4763000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.448199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-antenna","display_name":"Directional antenna","score":0.36489999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-telephony","display_name":"Mobile telephony","score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-antenna","display_name":"Smart antenna","score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.30640000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6854000091552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131369404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554278","display_name":"Reconfigurable antenna","level":5,"score":0.4763000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.45509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.448199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.36489999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143635782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187868","display_name":"Smart antenna","level":4,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.30640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986910011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517","display_name":"Cellular radio","level":3,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24027999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2176348","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","level":3,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3683507","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3683507","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e6d9740026e94652af684810229241c7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e6d9740026e94652af684810229241c7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 57933-57943 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3683507","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3683507","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7543988823890686,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2616230194","display_name":"Transparent Transmitters and Programmable Metasurfaces for Transport and Beyond-5G (TRANSMETA)","funder_award_id":"EP/W037734/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2665800889","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UKRI3212 (A-PLUS)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2870294180","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UKRI3212 (A-PLUS)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8741363591","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/W037734/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320005","display_name":"Royal Academy of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/0526snb40"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,22,58,72,93,109,168],"novel":[4],"horizontally":[5],"polarized":[6],"end-fire":[7,105],"planar":[8,170],"antenna":[9,70,184],"capable":[10],"of":[11,47,65,97,167],"360\u00b0":[12,153],"azimuthal":[13,156],"beam":[14,131],"steering":[15],"for":[16],"millimeter-wave(mmWave)":[17],"applications.":[18],"The":[19,69,121,165],"design":[20],"comprises":[21],"short":[23],"monopole":[24,56],"surrounded":[25],"by":[26],"eight":[27,173],"equally":[28],"spaced,":[29],"double-sided":[30],"meandered":[31],"microstrip":[32],"lines":[33],"that":[34],"extend":[35],"radially":[36],"from":[37,78],"the":[38,45,55,66,84,104,115,136,182],"centre.":[39],"A":[40],"PIN":[41],"diode":[42],"located":[43],"at":[44,100],"base":[46],"each":[48],"line":[49],"enables":[50],"independent":[51],"electrical":[52],"connection":[53],"to":[54,80,141,187],"via":[57],"DC":[59],"bias":[60],"network,":[61],"allowing":[62],"reconfigurable":[63],"excitation":[64],"radiating":[67],"elements.":[68],"achieves":[71],"\u221210":[73],"dB":[74],"impedance":[75],"bandwidth":[76],"(IBW)":[77],"23.2":[79],"29.4":[81],"GHz,":[82],"covering":[83],"3GPP":[85],"n257,":[86],"n258,":[87],"and":[88,107,159,178],"n261":[89],"bands.":[90],"It":[91],"provides":[92],"peak":[94],"realized":[95],"gain":[96,110,180],"10.2":[98],"dBi":[99,113],"28":[101],"GHz":[102],"in":[103,127,154],"direction":[106],"maintains":[108],"exceeding":[111],"7":[112],"across":[114],"operating":[116],"band":[117],"with":[118],"low":[119],"cross-polarization.":[120],"structure":[122],"supports":[123],"simultaneous":[124],"multi-beam":[125],"operation;":[126],"dual-beam":[128],"mode,":[129],"one":[130],"can":[132,149],"remain":[133],"fixed":[134],"while":[135],"other":[137],"is":[138],"steered.":[139],"Owing":[140],"its":[142],"circular":[143],"symmetry,":[144],"any":[145],"radiation":[146],"pattern":[147],"configuration":[148],"be":[150],"rotated":[151],"through":[152],"45\u00b0":[155],"increments.":[157],"Simulated":[158],"measured":[160],"results":[161],"show":[162],"good":[163],"agreement.":[164],"combination":[166],"compact":[169],"geometry,":[171],"only":[172],"active":[174],"switches,":[175],"wide":[176],"bandwidth,":[177],"high":[179],"makes":[181],"proposed":[183],"well":[185],"suited":[186],"future":[188],"5G":[189],"mmWave":[190],"communication":[191],"systems.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2026-04-14T00:00:00"}