{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7153017572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3682946","title":"SleepingEdge: Real-Time Sleep-Stage-Driven Epileptic Seizure Detection Using HMM and Hybrid OptiNet-SVM","display_name":"SleepingEdge: Real-Time Sleep-Stage-Driven Epileptic Seizure Detection Using HMM and Hybrid OptiNet-SVM","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7153017572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3682946"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3682946","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3682946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3682946","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mohammad Sakib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8443-4467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31669788","display_name":"Independent University, Bangladesh","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbbf772","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Sakib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of EEE, Independent University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8443-4467","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EEE, Independent University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121783592","display_name":"Gahangir Hossain","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","display_name":"University of North Texas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v97ad02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gahangir Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Data Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8205-4939","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Data Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tachiya Mahamud Nahadi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131708325","display_name":"University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh","ror":"https://ror.org/012br3z79","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131708325"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tachiya Mahamud Nahadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of CSE, University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of CSE, University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131708325"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125177468","display_name":"Ahmed Al Hasan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Al Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7391-4140","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126586733","display_name":"Mahdee Nafis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29894533","display_name":"Charles Darwin University","ror":"https://ror.org/048zcaj52","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29894533"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahdee Nafis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Technology, Charles Darwin University, Palmerston, Sydney, NT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Charles Darwin University, Palmerston, Sydney, NT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29894533"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133380235","display_name":"Md Yusuf Hossain","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131708325","display_name":"University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh","ror":"https://ror.org/012br3z79","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131708325"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Yusuf Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of CSE, University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of CSE, University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131708325"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133334767","display_name":"NM Chisty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8817-8431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144275","display_name":"Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qxvyy35","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144275"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nur Mohammad Chisty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of ECE, Institute of Science Trade and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8817-8431","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, Institute of Science Trade and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144275"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133334630","display_name":"Md. Mutahir Mahmud","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120611246","display_name":"Obayashi (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/027qqvd10","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120611246"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Mutahir Bin Mahmud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science Department, Udayan Uchcha Madhyamik Bidyalaya, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science Department, Udayan Uchcha Madhyamik Bidyalaya, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120611246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133343590","display_name":"A. O. M. Shamsuddoha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131708325","display_name":"University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh","ror":"https://ror.org/012br3z79","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131708325"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. O. M. Shamsuddoha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of EEE, University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1254-0381","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EEE, University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131708325"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133358733","display_name":"M. Mofazzal Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9679-3276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090971","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cf0ab87","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090971"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Mofazzal Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of EEE, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9679-3276","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EEE, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090971"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43155452,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"57646","last_page":"57673"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9391999840736389,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9391999840736389,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10985","display_name":"Sleep and Wakefulness Research","score":0.020099999383091927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10094","display_name":"Epilepsy research and treatment","score":0.006899999920278788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epilepsy","display_name":"Epilepsy","score":0.6485999822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.6313999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epileptic-seizure","display_name":"Epileptic seizure","score":0.5965999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5394999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.459199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurophysiology","display_name":"Neurophysiology","score":0.3077999949455261}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778186239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41571","display_name":"Epilepsy","level":2,"score":0.6485999822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6355999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.6313999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779334592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6279182","display_name":"Epileptic seizure","level":3,"score":0.5965999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5734999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5394999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.459199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152478114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660910","display_name":"Neurophysiology","level":2,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142433447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7806653","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","level":3,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3682946","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3682946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c06ade4c6c814b3faf13b078d6a6698d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c06ade4c6c814b3faf13b078d6a6698d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 57646-57673 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3682946","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3682946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.41933873295783997,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310911","display_name":"University of North Texas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v97ad02"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Epileptic":[0],"seizures":[1,30,294],"during":[2,31,176],"sleep":[3,177],"are":[4,49],"life-threatening,":[5],"leading":[6],"to":[7,99,233],"unconsciousness,":[8],"motor":[9],"loss,":[10],"and":[11,20,37,52,68,127,145,170,191,198,225,263,304,318,337],"in":[12,104,173,199,333,346],"severe":[13],"cases,":[14],"sudden":[15],"death.":[16],"Hence,":[17],"fast,":[18],"accurate,":[19,336],"scalable":[21],"detection":[22,267,341],"is":[23,40,109],"critical.":[24],"This":[25],"study":[26],"focuses":[27],"on":[28],"detecting":[29],"the":[32,202,212,226,236,251,281,287,305,327],"sleeping":[33,339],"stage,":[34],"where":[35],"early":[36],"reliable":[38],"recognition":[39],"essential.":[41],"Traditional":[42],"methods":[43],"using":[44,91],"contact":[45],"sensors":[46,172],"or":[47,88],"video":[48],"costly,":[50],"power-hungry,":[51],"intrusive.":[53],"To":[54],"address":[55],"this,":[56],"we":[57,186],"propose":[58],"a":[59,110,139,146,245,260,264],"low-cost,":[60],"low-power":[61],"wearable":[62,174],"device":[63],"integrating":[64],"passive":[65],"infrared":[66],"(PIR)":[67],"three-dimensional":[69],"accelerometer":[70],"(ACC)":[71],"sensors.":[72],"Seizures":[73],"produce":[74],"vigorous":[75],"body":[76],"movements,":[77],"creating":[78],"oscillatory":[79],"ACC+PIR":[80],"signals":[81,103],"that":[82,280,308],"can":[83],"be":[84],"separated":[85],"from":[86,165,178],"normal":[87,120],"no":[89,128],"movement":[90,121,129],"advanced":[92],"algorithms.":[93],"Our":[94],"method":[95],"uses":[96],"edge":[97,347],"computing":[98,348],"automatically":[100],"detect":[101],"PIR+ACC":[102],"real":[105],"time.":[106],"The":[107],"classification":[108],"three-class":[111],"task:":[112],"epileptic":[113],"seizure":[114,266,340],"(<italic":[115,122,130,295],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[116,118,123,125,131,133,296,298,314,316,320,322],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">M</i><sub":[117,124,132,297,315,321],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">ES</sub>),":[119],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">NMV</sub>),":[126],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">NM</sub>).":[134],"We":[135,204],"evaluate":[136],"two":[137,206],"models:":[138],"supervised":[140],"hidden":[141],"markov":[142],"model":[143],"(HMM)":[144],"hybrid":[147],"deep":[148],"learning":[149],"framework,":[150],"OptiNet-SVM,":[151],"combining":[152],"convolutional":[153],"neural":[154],"network":[155],"(CNN)":[156],"with":[157,220,244,259],"support":[158],"vector":[159],"machines":[160],"(SVM).":[161],"Data":[162],"were":[163,311],"collected":[164],"PIR":[166],"(1":[167],"m":[168],"distance)":[169],"ACC":[171],"bands":[175],"(n":[179],"=":[180],"45)":[181],"patients.":[182],"For":[183],"feature":[184,208],"extraction,":[185],"considered":[187],"anterior":[188],"posterior":[189],"(AP)":[190],"medial":[192],"lateral":[193],"(ML)":[194],"components":[195],"both":[196],"independently":[197],"combination":[200],"for":[201,211,344],"HMM.":[203],"employed":[205],"complementary":[207],"extraction":[209],"techniques":[210],"OptiNet-SVM":[213,252,282],"model:":[214],"discrete":[215,221],"wavelet":[216],"transform":[217,223],"(DWT)":[218],"combined":[219],"fourier":[222],"(DFT)":[224],"non-negative":[227],"spectrum":[228],"factorization":[229],"(NNSF)":[230],"framework.":[231],"According":[232],"experimental":[234],"results,":[235],"HMM":[237],"had":[238,253,300],"an":[239,254,284],"average":[240,255],"accuracy":[241,256],"of":[242,257,269,330],"98.67%":[243],"95%":[246,261],"confidence":[247],"interval":[248],"(CI),":[249],"while":[250],"99.02%":[258],"CI":[262],"mean":[265],"latency":[268],"0.38":[270],"s.":[271],"Furthermore,":[272],"statistical":[273],"receiver":[274],"operating":[275],"characteristic":[276],"(ROC)":[277],"analysis":[278],"revealed":[279],"achieved":[283],"area":[285],"under":[286],"curve":[288],"(AUC)":[289],"exceeding":[290],"98%.":[291],"Importantly,":[292],"all":[293],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">ES</sub>)":[299],"been":[301],"effectively":[302],"identified,":[303],"only":[306],"misclassifications":[307],"took":[309],"place":[310],"between":[312],"<italic":[313,319],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">NMV</sub>":[317],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">ES</sub>.":[323],"These":[324],"results":[325],"highlight":[326],"strong":[328],"potential":[329],"PIR+ACC-based":[331],"sensing":[332],"developing":[334],"cost-effective,":[335],"real-time":[338],"systems":[342],"suitable":[343],"deployment":[345],"environments.":[349]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T06:05:55.347736","created_date":"2026-04-11T00:00:00"}
