{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415194395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3682941","title":"PersonalAI: A Systematic Comparison of Knowledge Graph Storage and Retrieval Approaches for Personalized LLM Agents","display_name":"PersonalAI: A Systematic Comparison of Knowledge Graph Storage and Retrieval Approaches for Personalized LLM Agents","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415194395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3682941"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3682941","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3682941","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3682941","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093503764","display_name":"Mikhail A. Menschikov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125989756","display_name":"Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9nc143","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125989756"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikhail Menschikov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Skoltech, Moscow, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7719-3248","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Skoltech, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125989756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028056848","display_name":"Dmitry Evseev","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125989756","display_name":"Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9nc143","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125989756"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dmitry Evseev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Skoltech, Moscow, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3615-9553","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Skoltech, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125989756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027925742","display_name":"Victoria Dochkina","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799480299","display_name":"Russian Venture Company","ror":"https://ror.org/02f3rf591","country_code":"RU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799480299"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victoria Dochkina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Public Joint Stock Company “Sberbank of Russia,”, Moscow, Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Public Joint Stock Company “Sberbank of Russia,”, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799480299"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075361913","display_name":"Ruslan Kostoev","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799480299","display_name":"Russian Venture Company","ror":"https://ror.org/02f3rf591","country_code":"RU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799480299"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruslan Kostoev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Public Joint Stock Company “Sberbank of Russia,”, Moscow, Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Public Joint Stock Company “Sberbank of Russia,”, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799480299"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120003729","display_name":"Ilia Perepechkin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799480299","display_name":"Russian Venture Company","ror":"https://ror.org/02f3rf591","country_code":"RU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799480299"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilia Perepechkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Public Joint Stock Company “Sberbank of Russia,”, Moscow, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0636-2160","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Public Joint Stock Company “Sberbank of Russia,”, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799480299"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093959667","display_name":"Petr Anokhin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petr Anokhin","raw_affiliation_strings":["AIRI, Moscow, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7974-5077","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AIRI, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001715707","display_name":"Nikita Semenov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6896-834X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125989756","display_name":"Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9nc143","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125989756"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikita Semenov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Skoltech, Moscow, Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Skoltech, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125989756"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088950452","display_name":"Evgeny Burnaev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8424-0690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125989756","display_name":"Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9nc143","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125989756"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evgeny Burnaev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Skoltech, Moscow, Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Skoltech, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125989756"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.001895,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"58262","last_page":"58281"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9599999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4691999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.46149998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.38280001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-memory","display_name":"Semantic memory","score":0.3763999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-graph","display_name":"Knowledge graph","score":0.3188000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.31060001254081726}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4691999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4672999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.46149998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.38280001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197914299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18650","display_name":"Semantic memory","level":3,"score":0.3763999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35339999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987255567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33002955","display_name":"Knowledge graph","level":2,"score":0.3188000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.31060001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82687282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66221","display_name":"Auxiliary memory","level":2,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99016210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5488129","display_name":"Query expansion","level":2,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118702147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189396","display_name":"Dynamic random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.26100000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3682941","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3682941","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2506.17001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17001","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.17001","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2506.17001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:727ea1345b5643f6833607067a5dbf0c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/727ea1345b5643f6833607067a5dbf0c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 58262-58281 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2506.17001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2506.17001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3682941","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3682941","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Personalizing":[0],"language":[1,22],"models":[2,23],"by":[3,68],"effectively":[4],"incorporating":[5],"user":[6],"interaction":[7],"history":[8],"remains":[9,167],"a":[10,52,59,78],"central":[11],"challenge":[12],"in":[13,43,171],"the":[14,69,73,148,153],"development":[15],"of":[16,91],"adaptive":[17],"AI":[18],"systems.":[19],"While":[20],"large":[21],"(LLMs),":[24],"combined":[25],"with":[26,156],"Retrieval-Augmented":[27],"Generation":[28],"(RAG),":[29],"have":[30],"improved":[31],"factual":[32],"accuracy,":[33],"they":[34],"often":[35],"lack":[36],"structured":[37],"memory":[38,55,139],"and":[39,65,88,95,98,114,123,135,140,159,169,175],"fail":[40],"to":[41,120],"scale":[42],"complex,":[44],"long-term":[45],"interactions.":[46],"To":[47],"address":[48],"this,":[49],"we":[50,76,151],"propose":[51],"flexible":[53],"external":[54],"framework":[56,102],"based":[57],"on":[58,130,147],"knowledge":[60],"graph":[61,81],"that":[62,83,137,164],"is":[63],"constructed":[64],"updated":[66],"automatically":[67],"LLM.":[70],"Building":[71],"upon":[72],"AriGraph":[74],"architecture,":[75],"introduce":[77],"novel":[79],"hybrid":[80,115],"design":[82],"supports":[84,104],"both":[85],"standard":[86],"edges":[87],"two":[89],"types":[90],"hyper-edges,":[92],"enabling":[93],"rich":[94],"dynamic":[96],"semantic":[97],"temporal":[99,157,173],"representations.":[100],"Our":[101],"also":[103],"diverse":[105],"retrieval":[106,141],"mechanisms,":[107],"including":[108],"A*,":[109],"WaterCircles":[110],"traversal,":[111],"beam":[112],"search,":[113],"methods,":[116],"making":[117],"it":[118],"adaptable":[119],"different":[121,138],"datasets":[122],"LLM":[124],"capacities.":[125],"We":[126],"evaluate":[127],"our":[128,165],"system":[129,166],"TriviaQA,":[131],"HotpotQA,":[132],"DiaASQ":[133,154],"benchmarks":[134],"demonstrate":[136],"configurations":[142],"yield":[143],"optimal":[144],"performance":[145],"depending":[146],"task.":[149],"Additionally,":[150],"extend":[152],"benchmark":[155],"annotations":[158],"internally":[160],"contradictory":[161],"statements,":[162],"showing":[163],"robust":[168],"effective":[170],"managing":[172],"dependencies":[174],"context-aware":[176],"reasoning":[177]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-15T00:00:00"}