{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7148746512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3680630","title":"Design of a Scalable Modular Bias Voltage Supply With Reduced Noise for Multi-Channel SiPM Readout","display_name":"Design of a Scalable Modular Bias Voltage Supply With Reduced Noise for Multi-Channel SiPM Readout","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7148746512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3680630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3680630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3680630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3680630","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010560146","display_name":"Davide Colaiuda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8488-9606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800738734","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso","ror":"https://ror.org/02s8k0k61","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I2800738734"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Davide Colaiuda","raw_affiliation_strings":["INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, L&#x2019;Aquila, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8488-9606","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, L&#x2019;Aquila, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800738734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001111968","display_name":"Alfiero Leoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0066-4216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800738734","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso","ror":"https://ror.org/02s8k0k61","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I2800738734"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfiero Leoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, L&#x2019;Aquila, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0066-4216","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, L&#x2019;Aquila, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800738734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086187419","display_name":"S. Horikawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1815-4828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800738734","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso","ror":"https://ror.org/02s8k0k61","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I2800738734"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sosuke Horikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, L&#x2019;Aquila, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, L&#x2019;Aquila, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800738734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070509034","display_name":"Giuseppe Ferri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8060-9558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26415053","display_name":"University of L'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Ferri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics, University of L&#x2019;Aquila, L&#x2019;Aquila, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8060-9558","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics, University of L&#x2019;Aquila, L&#x2019;Aquila, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043525605","display_name":"Vincenzo Stornelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7082-9429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800738734","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso","ror":"https://ror.org/02s8k0k61","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I2800738734"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincenzo Stornelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, L&#x2019;Aquila, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7082-9429","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, L&#x2019;Aquila, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800738734"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010560146"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800738734"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6688896,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"57840","last_page":"57849"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.619700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.619700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.0494999997317791,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.027400000020861626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.6626999974250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5835999846458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5652999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.47290000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biasing","display_name":"Biasing","score":0.42089998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.3752000033855438}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.6626999974250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.600600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5835999846458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5652999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5382000207901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.47290000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4722999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20254490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719550","display_name":"Biasing","level":3,"score":0.42089998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.40380001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.3752000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104335537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1085747","display_name":"Silicon photomultiplier","level":4,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190560348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3245116","display_name":"Circuit design","level":2,"score":0.25360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3680630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3680630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6b3a3018cb614fc2acd25e96fe0a672d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6b3a3018cb614fc2acd25e96fe0a672d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 57840-57849 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3680630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3680630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8632632493972778}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,171],"design":[4],"and":[5,42,56,66,86,112,130,141,150,165],"characterization":[6],"of":[7,54,104,134,155],"a":[8,34,38,101,122,131],"modular,":[9],"digitally":[10],"programmable":[11],"Voltage":[12],"Supply":[13],"Unit":[14],"(VSU)":[15],"optimized":[16],"for":[17,93,174],"Silicon":[18],"Photomultiplier":[19],"(SiPM)":[20],"arrays":[21],"in":[22,159,176],"high-sensitivity":[23],"applications":[24],"such":[25],"as":[26],"cryogenic":[27],"particle":[28],"detectors.":[29,97],"The":[30,153],"proposed":[31],"VSU":[32,172],"combines":[33],"flyback":[35],"converter":[36],"with":[37,121,139],"cascaded":[39],"linear":[40],"regulator":[41],"an":[43],"SPI-controlled":[44],"(Serial":[45],"Peripheral":[46],"Interface)":[47],"Digital-to-Analog":[48],"Converter":[49],"(DAC)":[50],"reference.":[51],"A":[52,137],"set":[53],"passive":[55],"active":[57],"noise":[58,73,103],"mitigation":[59],"strategies,":[60],"including":[61],"snubber":[62],"networks,":[63],"common-mode":[64],"filtering,":[65],"careful":[67],"layout":[68],"design,":[69,162],"enables":[70],"sub-millivolt":[71],"peak-to-peak":[72,102],"up":[74],"to":[75,115],"200V":[76,111],"DC":[77],"output.":[78],"Each":[79],"module":[80],"provides":[81],"galvanic":[82],"isolation,":[83],"per-channel":[84],"programmability,":[85],"low":[87],"output":[88],"current,":[89],"making":[90,170],"it":[91],"suitable":[92,173],"scalable,":[94],"low-background":[95],"SiPM-based":[96],"Experimental":[98],"results":[99],"demonstrate":[100],"less":[105],"than":[106,127],"1mV<sub":[107],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[108],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">pp</sub>":[109],"at":[110,147],"2mA,":[113],"corresponding":[114],"SiPM":[116],"gain":[117],"fluctuations":[118],"below":[119],"0.1%,":[120],"Signal-to-Noise":[123],"Ratio":[124],"(SNR)":[125],"higher":[126],"80":[128],"dB":[129],"programming":[132],"resolution":[133],"3.1":[135],"mV.":[136],"comparison":[138],"commercial":[140],"custom":[142],"systems":[143],"confirms":[144],"competitive":[145],"performance":[146],"reduced":[148],"cost":[149],"form":[151],"factor.":[152],"novelty":[154],"this":[156],"approach":[157],"lies":[158],"combining":[160],"low-noise":[161],"digital":[163],"control,":[164],"modularity":[166],"using":[167],"discrete":[168],"components,":[169],"use":[175],"large-scale":[177],"systems,":[178],"where":[179],"stable,":[180],"channel-isolated":[181],"high-voltage":[182],"biasing":[183],"is":[184],"required.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2026-04-04T00:00:00"}