{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7148343715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3680031","title":"MoRE-XAI: Moment-Based Rigid Registration and Multi-Perspective Explainability for Fracture Localization in X-Ray Imaging","display_name":"MoRE-XAI: Moment-Based Rigid Registration and Multi-Perspective Explainability for Fracture Localization in X-Ray Imaging","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7148343715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3680031"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3680031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3680031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3680031","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132798952","display_name":"C. V. Aravinda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204409756","display_name":"Middle East College","ror":"https://ror.org/03z34n548","country_code":"OM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204409756"]}],"countries":["OM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. V. Aravinda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing and Electronic Engineering, Middle East College (Affiliated to Coventry University, U.K.), Muscat, Oman"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4588-4105","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Electronic Engineering, Middle East College (Affiliated to Coventry University, U.K.), Muscat, Oman","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204409756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059162333","display_name":"Noushath Shaffi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47818738","display_name":"Sultan Qaboos University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wq8zb47","country_code":"OM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47818738"]}],"countries":["OM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noushath Shaffi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9243-8402","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47818738"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Vimbi Viswan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4065-4492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45998257","display_name":"Sohar University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ftvf862","country_code":"OM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45998257"]}],"countries":["OM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vimbi Viswan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Information Sciences, University of Technology and Applied Sciences&#x2013;Suhar, Suhar, Oman"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4065-4492","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Information Sciences, University of Technology and Applied Sciences&#x2013;Suhar, Suhar, Oman","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45998257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Smitha Sunil Kumaran Nair","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9273-5113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204409756","display_name":"Middle East College","ror":"https://ror.org/03z34n548","country_code":"OM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204409756"]}],"countries":["OM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Smitha Sunil Kumaran Nair","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing and Electronic Engineering, Middle East College (Affiliated to Coventry University, U.K.), Muscat, Oman"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9273-5113","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Electronic Engineering, Middle East College (Affiliated to Coventry University, U.K.), Muscat, Oman","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204409756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mohamed Samiulla Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3736-3689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204409756","display_name":"Middle East College","ror":"https://ror.org/03z34n548","country_code":"OM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204409756"]}],"countries":["OM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Samiulla Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing and Electronic Engineering, Middle East College (Affiliated to Coventry University, U.K.), Muscat, Oman"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3736-3689","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Electronic Engineering, Middle East College (Affiliated to Coventry University, U.K.), Muscat, Oman","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204409756"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029973869","display_name":"B.C Arjun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I283854653","display_name":"Machine Intelligence Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01h4ass90","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I283854653"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. C. Arjun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, Malnad College of Engineering, Hassan, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0146-2496","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, Malnad College of Engineering, Hassan, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I283854653"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45000538,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"58635","last_page":"58653"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.3824000060558319,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.3824000060558319,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.06970000267028809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.060499999672174454,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fracture","display_name":"Fracture (geology)","score":0.4569000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-imaging","display_name":"Medical imaging","score":0.36959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computed-tomography","display_name":"Computed tomography","score":0.3382999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-registration","display_name":"Image registration","score":0.3352999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.26589998602867126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43369102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2307625","display_name":"Fracture (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4569000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.36959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544519230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32566","display_name":"Computed tomography","level":2,"score":0.3382999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166704113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861092","display_name":"Image registration","level":3,"score":0.3352999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989478337","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234904","display_name":"Ultrasonic imaging","level":3,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3680031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3680031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:22bd8bd63cbb4836b0da56d0fd021aa4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/22bd8bd63cbb4836b0da56d0fd021aa4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 58635-58653 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3680031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3680031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"fracture":[1,183],"detection":[2],"and":[3,16,64,98,107,119,146,163,187,203,219],"localization":[4],"in":[5,213],"radiographic":[6],"imaging":[7,171,215],"remain":[8],"challenging":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11,76,92,95,152],"anatomical":[12,79],"variability,":[13],"image":[14],"misalignment,":[15],"the":[17,36,133],"limited":[18],"interpretability":[19],"of":[20,141],"conventional":[21],"deep":[22,54],"learning":[23,55,101],"models.":[24],"Existing":[25],"explainable":[26],"AI":[27],"(XAI)":[28],"methods":[29],"provide":[30],"useful":[31],"insights":[32],"but":[33],"often":[34],"lack":[35],"robustness":[37],"required":[38],"for":[39,210],"clinical":[40],"deployment.":[41],"This":[42],"work":[43],"introduces":[44],"MoRE-XAI":[45,199],"(Moment-based":[46],"Rigi-dregistration":[47],"Enhanced":[48],"eXplainable":[49],"AI),":[50],"a":[51,86,99,201],"clinically":[52,178],"oriented":[53],"framework":[56,68],"that":[57,103],"integrates":[58],"adaptive":[59,71],"alignment,":[60,80,217],"attention-driven":[61],"feature":[62],"extraction,":[63],"multi-perspective":[65],"interpretability.":[66],"The":[67,173],"incorporates":[69],"an":[70,81,139],"moment-based":[72],"rigid":[73],"registration":[74],"stage":[75],"ensure":[77],"consistent":[78],"EfficientNetB0":[82],"backbone":[83],"enhanced":[84],"with":[85,120,149,208],"Convolutional":[87],"Block":[88],"Attention":[89],"Module":[90],"(CBAM)":[91],"increase":[93],"sensitivity":[94],"fracture-relevant":[96],"features,":[97],"multi-task":[100],"strategy":[102],"simultaneously":[104],"optimizes":[105],"classification":[106],"weakly":[108],"supervised":[109],"localization.":[110],"Interpretability":[111],"is":[112],"achieved":[113],"by":[114],"combining":[115],"Grad-CAM,":[116],"SHAP,":[117],"LIME,":[118],"Monte":[121],"Carlo":[122],"Dropout\u2013based":[123],"confidence":[124],"weighting,":[125],"thereby":[126],"producing":[127],"reliability-aware":[128],"explanations.":[129],"Experimental":[130],"evaluation":[131],"on":[132,159],"MURA":[134],"musculoskeletal":[135],"radiograph":[136],"dataset":[137],"demonstrated":[138],"accuracy":[140],"81.49%,":[142],"outperforming":[143],"ResNet50":[144],"(76.5%)":[145],"DenseNet121":[147],"(78.9%),":[148],"further":[150],"improvement":[151],"83.99%":[153],"through":[154],"ensemble":[155],"learning.":[156],"Cross-domain":[157],"validation":[158],"NIH":[160],"Chest":[161],"X-rays":[162],"BraTS":[164],"MRI":[165],"scans":[166],"confirmed":[167],"strong":[168],"generalization":[169],"across":[170],"modalities.":[172],"resulting":[174],"explanations":[175],"consistently":[176],"highlighted":[177],"meaningful":[179],"regions":[180],"such":[181],"as":[182,200],"zones,":[184],"cortical":[185],"edges,":[186],"joint":[188],"boundaries,":[189],"while":[190],"uncertainty-weighted":[191],"heatmaps":[192],"attenuated":[193],"spurious":[194],"activations.":[195],"These":[196],"findings":[197],"establish":[198],"reliable":[202],"interpretable":[204],"diagnostic":[205],"support":[206],"system,":[207],"potential":[209],"broader":[211],"applications":[212],"medical":[214],"where":[216],"robustness,":[218],"transparent":[220],"decision-making":[221],"are":[222],"essential.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-04-03T00:00:00"}
