{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7146967081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3679509","title":"A RAMI 4.0-Based Roadmap for Standardizing IoT Integration in the Mining Industry: Application to Mineral Processing","display_name":"A RAMI 4.0-Based Roadmap for Standardizing IoT Integration in the Mining Industry: Application to Mineral Processing","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7146967081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3679509"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3679509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3679509","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3679509","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071788341","display_name":"Armin Shirbazo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6460-6384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armin Shirbazo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6460-6384","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122748731","display_name":"Binghao Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binghao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8565-7287","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000787415","display_name":"Seher Ata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3705-6441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seher Ata","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000879786","display_name":"Hamed Lamei Ramandi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8395-7796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamed Lamei Ramandi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073824037","display_name":"Serkan Saydam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6686-0770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Serkan Saydam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3699221,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"49975","last_page":"49999"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.1509999930858612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.1509999930858612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13065","display_name":"Mining Techniques and Economics","score":0.14329999685287476,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.13410000503063202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.6463000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-integration","display_name":"Data integration","score":0.4934999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.4553999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.3995000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.38280001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-integration","display_name":"System integration","score":0.3695000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industry-4.0","display_name":"Industry 4.0","score":0.35839998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain","display_name":"Supply chain","score":0.3562000095844269}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7117000222206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.6463000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72634772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386824","display_name":"Data integration","level":2,"score":0.4934999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.4553999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.43779999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.43720000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.3995000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.38280001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665453","display_name":"System integration","level":2,"score":0.3695000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777986313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1661989","display_name":"Industry 4.0","level":2,"score":0.35839998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.3562000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.35569998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.33469998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3109000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55356503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2136675","display_name":"Reference architecture","level":4,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126082660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4252370","display_name":"Digital transformation","level":2,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138827492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6661985","display_name":"Data processing","level":2,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108615695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12880211","display_name":"Coal mining","level":3,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53619493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4787093","display_name":"Architecture framework","level":3,"score":0.2524000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3679509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3679509","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8030bd893881412cb006c7329d18ebd0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8030bd893881412cb006c7329d18ebd0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 49975-49999 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3679509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3679509","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6363869905471802}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,100,174],"growing":[1],"adoption":[2],"of":[3,6,25,112,203,223],"the":[4,23,66,201],"Internet":[5],"Things":[7],"(IoT)":[8],"is":[9],"transforming":[10],"automation,":[11],"data":[12,47,116,139],"management,":[13],"and":[14,34,49,55,115,123,141,157,164,194,210,220],"operational":[15],"intelligence":[16],"across":[17,118],"industrial":[18],"sectors.":[19],"In":[20],"mining,":[21],"however,":[22],"integration":[24,136],"IoT":[26,184,226],"technologies":[27],"into":[28],"automated":[29],"haulage,":[30],"mineral":[31,78],"exploration,":[32],"processing,":[33],"supply":[35],"chain":[36],"operations\u2014broadly":[37],"defined":[38],"as":[39],"Mine":[40,183,225],"IoT\u2014remains":[41],"fragmented,":[42],"with":[43,206],"inconsistent":[44],"communication":[45],"protocols,":[46],"models,":[48],"system":[50,154],"architectures":[51],"limiting":[52],"interoperability,":[53,156],"scalability,":[54],"lifecycle":[56,124],"alignment.":[57],"This":[58,198],"study":[59,130],"develops":[60],"a":[61,177,212],"structured":[62,187],"framework":[63,102],"grounded":[64],"in":[65],"Reference":[67],"Architecture":[68],"Model":[69],"for":[70,92,214],"Industry":[71,207],"4.0":[72,82,208],"(RAMI":[73],"4.0)":[74],"to":[75,134,180],"standardize":[76],"IoT-enabled":[77],"processing.":[79],"Although":[80],"RAMI":[81],"has":[83,95],"been":[84,98],"widely":[85],"applied":[86],"within":[87],"manufacturing,":[88],"its":[89,132,171],"systematic":[90,110],"adaptation":[91],"mining":[93,204],"applications":[94],"not":[96],"yet":[97],"established.":[99],"proposed":[101],"integrates":[103],"mining-specific":[104],"cyber-physical":[105],"systems":[106],"(CPS)":[107],"components,":[108],"enabling":[109,191],"mapping":[111],"assets,":[113],"systems,":[114],"flows":[117],"IT":[119],"layers,":[120],"hierarchy":[121],"levels,":[122],"phases.":[125],"A":[126],"coal":[127],"processing":[128],"case":[129],"demonstrates":[131,152],"capability":[133],"identify":[135],"gaps,":[137],"optimize":[138],"exchange,":[140],"support":[142],"standardized":[143],"interactions.":[144],"Quantitative":[145],"evaluation":[146],"using":[147],"Key":[148],"Performance":[149],"Indicators":[150],"(KPIs)":[151],"enhanced":[153],"maturity,":[155],"cross-layer":[158],"integration,":[159],"while":[160],"logical":[161],"consistency":[162],"analysis":[163],"benchmarking":[165],"against":[166],"international":[167],"standards":[168],"further":[169],"validate":[170],"methodological":[172],"robustness.":[173],"findings":[175],"provide":[176],"reproducible":[178],"approach":[179],"unifying":[181],"fragmented":[182],"architectures,":[185],"supporting":[186],"digital":[188],"transformation":[189],"strategies,":[190],"predictive":[192],"maintenance,":[193],"more":[195],"efficient":[196],"operations.":[197],"work":[199],"advances":[200],"alignment":[202],"digitalization":[205],"principles":[209],"provides":[211],"foundation":[213],"future":[215],"empirical":[216],"validation,":[217],"simulation-based":[218],"testing,":[219],"pilot-scale":[221],"implementation":[222],"interoperable":[224],"systems.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2026-04-02T00:00:00"}