{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7143401692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3678683","title":"Automated External Quality Grading of Oriental Melons Using Diffusion-Enhanced Semantic Segmentation and Field Validation","display_name":"Automated External Quality Grading of Oriental Melons Using Diffusion-Enhanced Semantic Segmentation and Field Validation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7143401692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3678683"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3678683","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3678683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3678683","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130942979","display_name":"Sang-Yeon Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sang-Yeon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7719-9343","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chang-Hyup Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8459-7814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang-Hyup Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8459-7814","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jiwon Ryu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7927-9654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiwon Ryu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7927-9654","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041164774","display_name":"Yudha Putra Arisandy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yudha Putra Arisandy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6118-6481","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101339410","display_name":"Xianghui Xin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianghui Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3915-6961","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ghiseok Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2177-0031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghiseok Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2177-0031","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5130942979"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59960329,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"48842","last_page":"48858"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.2215999960899353,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.2215999960899353,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.08730000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.042899999767541885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grading","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","score":0.6970999836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6330999732017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4964999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.446399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.436599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.36390000581741333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7925000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.718500018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591926","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6970999836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6330999732017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4964999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.446399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.436599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.41510000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.36390000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020001037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836575","display_name":"Quality assessment","level":3,"score":0.34220001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3249000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.31439998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.3142000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106436119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836575","display_name":"Quality assurance","level":3,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.26089999079704285}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3678683","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3678683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4b3affe825eb40f68c4290863b6a60b5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4b3affe825eb40f68c4290863b6a60b5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 48842-48858 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3678683","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3678683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1128371443","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PJ01709503","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322035","funder_display_name":"Rural Development Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7955132659","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2022-IP322054","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322033","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322033","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/009g8rq41"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322035","display_name":"Rural Development Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/03xs9yg50"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322068","display_name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","ror":"https://ror.org/00c25dn03"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,61,132,148],"external":[1,58],"quality":[2,59],"of":[3,113,116,146,157,185],"high-value":[4,216],"crops":[5,217],"like":[6],"the":[7,53,86,96,111,138,171,200],"Oriental":[8,92,207],"melon":[9,93],"(Cucumis":[10],"melo":[11],"L.":[12],"var.":[13],"makuwa)":[14],"directly":[15],"determines":[16],"market":[17],"value,":[18],"yet":[19],"conventional":[20],"manual":[21],"inspection":[22],"suffers":[23],"from":[24],"subjectivity,":[25],"labor":[26,223],"intensity,":[27],"and":[28,44,49,71,182,221],"inconsistency.":[29],"Unlike":[30],"existing":[31],"single-factor":[32],"automated":[33,203],"systems,":[34],"this":[35],"study":[36],"developed":[37],"an":[38],"integrated":[39,150],"sorting":[40,168],"system":[41,151,205],"that":[42],"simultaneously":[43],"quantitatively":[45],"evaluates":[46],"morphology,":[47],"color,":[48],"surface":[50],"defects,":[51],"addressing":[52,222],"critical":[54,118],"gap":[55],"in":[56,91,165,226],"comprehensive":[57,202],"assessment.":[60],"proposed":[62],"hybrid":[63],"model":[64,79],"integrates":[65],"digital":[66],"image":[67],"processing":[68,183],"for":[69,80,104,206],"morphological":[70],"color":[72],"analysis":[73],"with":[74,124,137],"a":[75,99,142,153,160,166,210],"state-of-the-art":[76],"semantic":[77],"segmentation":[78],"defect":[81,94],"evaluation.":[82],"To":[83],"specifically":[84],"address":[85],"severe":[87],"data":[88,106],"imbalance":[89,220],"inherent":[90],"datasets,":[95],"framework":[97,212],"incorporates":[98],"Denoising":[100],"Diffusion":[101],"Probabilistic":[102],"Model":[103],"targeted":[105],"augmentation.":[107],"This":[108,197],"approach":[109],"enabled":[110],"generation":[112],"high-fidelity":[114],"images":[115],"rare":[117],"defects":[119],"(e.g.,":[120],"cracks,":[121],"damage)":[122],"even":[123],"sparse":[125],"training":[126],"data,":[127],"significantly":[128],"enhancing":[129],"overall":[130],"performance.":[131],"Mask2Former":[133],"(Swin-T)":[134],"model,":[135],"fine-tuned":[136],"augmented":[139],"dataset,":[140],"achieved":[141],"superior":[143],"mDice":[144],"score":[145],"81.5.":[147],"fully":[149],"demonstrated":[152],"final":[154],"grading":[155,176,204],"accuracy":[156,177],"86.3-96.5%":[158],"on":[159,178],"test":[161],"set.":[162],"Field":[163],"deployment":[164],"commercial":[167],"facility":[169,193],"validated":[170],"system's":[172],"robustness,":[173],"achieving":[174],"85.4-99.0%":[175],"independently":[179],"collected":[180],"samples":[181],"speeds":[184],"43":[186],"fps":[187],"(14":[188],"samples/second),":[189],"substantially":[190],"exceeding":[191],"typical":[192],"requirements":[194],"(4-5":[195],"samples/second).":[196],"research":[198],"demonstrates":[199],"first":[201],"melons,":[208],"establishing":[209],"transferable":[211],"applicable":[213],"to":[214],"other":[215],"facing":[218],"class":[219],"shortage":[224],"challenges":[225],"modern":[227],"agriculture.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2026-03-31T00:00:00"}
