{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140988203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3678351","title":"Implementation and Evaluation of Hierarchical Beam Selection Algorithm for mmWave WPT Systems","display_name":"Implementation and Evaluation of Hierarchical Beam Selection Algorithm for mmWave WPT Systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140988203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3678351"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3678351","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3678351","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3678351","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046530263","display_name":"Jae Cheol Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9210-4824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jae Cheol Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radio Environment &#x0026; Monitoring Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9210-4824","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radio Environment &#x0026; Monitoring Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123027253","display_name":"Jungick Moon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jungick Moon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radio Environment &#x0026; Monitoring Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8306-4912","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radio Environment &#x0026; Monitoring Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122288883","display_name":"Junil Choi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junil Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9020","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046530263"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67523519,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"47614","last_page":"47625"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.7590000033378601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.7590000033378601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.03099999949336052,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11851","display_name":"Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements","score":0.01730000041425228,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5938000082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.4018000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection-algorithm","display_name":"Selection algorithm","score":0.39079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm-design","display_name":"Algorithm design","score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.289900004863739}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7009000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5938000082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44620001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.41589999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.4018000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775973920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3252726","display_name":"Selection algorithm","level":3,"score":0.39079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.2574000060558319}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3678351","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3678351","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:64a34cb5d725455bb88ffa8e91f0f980","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/64a34cb5d725455bb88ffa8e91f0f980","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 47614-47625 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3678351","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3678351","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7920935850","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2024-00398981","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,73,92],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"the":[3,15,25,47,51,65,70,74,78,81,85,93,96,99,103,112,115,131,144],"millimeter":[4],"wave":[5],"(mmWave)":[6],"wireless":[7,16,26],"power":[8],"transfer":[9],"(WPT)":[10],"system":[11],"is":[12,36,108,128,139],"considered":[13],"where":[14],"charging":[17,27],"station":[18],"(WCS)":[19],"operates":[20],"without":[21],"prior":[22],"knowledge":[23],"of":[24,64],"device":[28],"(WCD)\u2019s":[29],"location.":[30],"A":[31],"hierarchical":[32,40,123],"beam":[33,49,66,75,82,101,105,113],"selection":[34],"algorithm":[35,62,127],"proposed,":[37],"which":[38,107],"employs":[39],"beams":[41],"with":[42,114],"varying":[43],"beamwidths":[44],"to":[45],"determine":[46],"optimal":[48],"for":[50],"WCD":[52],"while":[53],"mitigating":[54],"error":[55],"propagation":[56],"(EP)":[57],"across":[58,122],"levels.":[59,124],"The":[60,125],"proposed":[61,126],"consists":[63],"identification":[67,76],"process":[68,119],"and":[69,136],"verification":[71,94,104],"process.":[72],"process,":[77,95],"WCS":[79,97],"identifies":[80],"that":[83],"achieves":[84],"highest":[86],"received":[87],"signal":[88],"strength":[89],"indicator":[90],"(RSSI).":[91],"validates":[98],"selected":[100],"using":[102],"set,":[106],"constructed":[109],"based":[110],"on":[111,130],"second-highest":[116],"RSSI.":[117],"This":[118],"mitigates":[120],"EP":[121],"implemented":[129],"commercial":[132],"mmWave":[133],"RF":[134],"module,":[135],"its":[137],"performance":[138],"evaluated":[140],"through":[141],"experiments":[142],"in":[143],"indoor":[145],"laboratory":[146],"environment.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-03T16:38:21.277918","created_date":"2026-03-28T00:00:00"}
