{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140304282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3677527","title":"Privacy-Preserving Detection of Wi-Fi Deauthentication Attacks on Robotic Systems Using Temporal Traffic Features","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Detection of Wi-Fi Deauthentication Attacks on Robotic Systems Using Temporal Traffic Features","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140304282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3677527"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3677527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3677527","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3677527","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047672864","display_name":"Fatih Ertam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9736-8068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799978770","display_name":"X-Fab (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/030bh9196","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatih Ertam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digital Forensics Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Firat University, Elâziğ, Türkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9736-8068","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digital Forensics Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Firat University, Elâziğ, Türkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130579734","display_name":"Omur Aydogmus","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143396566","display_name":"F\u0131rat University","ror":"https://ror.org/05teb7b63","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143396566"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omur Aydogmus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Firat University, Elâziğ, Türkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8142-1146","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Firat University, Elâziğ, Türkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143396566"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42767947,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"46634","last_page":"46649"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.23479999601840973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.23479999601840973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.10440000146627426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.08479999750852585,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.36629998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.27959999442100525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7918999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5091000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.44749999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.392300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.36629998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.249099999666214}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3677527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3677527","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:199d8bdb81404cea91cd90ff91b51e99","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/199d8bdb81404cea91cd90ff91b51e99","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 46634-46649 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3677527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3677527","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4243626296520233,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3061908144","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ADEP.24.22","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335557","funder_display_name":"Firat University Scientific Research Projects Management Unit"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7670216868","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ADEP.25.28","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335557","funder_display_name":"Firat University Scientific Research Projects Management Unit"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335557","display_name":"Firat University Scientific Research Projects Management Unit","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,84,248],"increasing":[1],"integration":[2],"of":[3,13,44,59,69,87,100,115,221,226,241,246,254,270,314],"robots":[4],"into":[5,311],"everyday":[6],"environments":[7],"has":[8,20],"led":[9],"to":[10,55,94,111,133],"the":[11,42,57,61,113,118,139,207,211,215,229,232,252,268,312],"emergence":[12],"cybersecurity":[14],"threats":[15],"against":[16],"robotic":[17,51,193,319],"systems,":[18],"which":[19],"consequently":[21],"rendered":[22],"this":[23],"area":[24],"a":[25,127,191,274],"significant":[26,309],"research":[27],"challenge.":[28],"This":[29],"study":[30],"proposes":[31],"an":[32,135,219,224,239,244],"advanced":[33],"behavioral":[34,256],"analysis":[35,130],"framework,":[36],"grounded":[37],"in":[38,277,318],"temporal":[39,88],"characteristics,":[40],"for":[41,138],"identification":[43],"various":[45],"WiFi":[46],"attack":[47,261,278],"types":[48],"targeting":[49],"WiFi-enabled":[50],"systems.":[52],"In":[53,109,206,228],"order":[54,110],"ensure":[56],"confidentiality":[58],"data,":[60],"proposed":[62],"Intrusion":[63],"Detection":[64],"System":[65],"(IDS)":[66],"functions":[67],"independently":[68],"packet":[70],"payloads":[71],"and":[72,105,126,164,186,203,223,243,266],"identifiers,":[73],"relying":[74],"exclusively":[75,258],"on":[76,170],"features":[77,89,257],"derived":[78],"from":[79,190],"Inter-Arrival":[80],"Time":[81],"(IAT)":[82],"metrics.":[83],"total":[85],"number":[86],"that":[90,251,297],"were":[91,199],"engineered":[92],"amounted":[93],"26,":[95],"including":[96],"IAT":[97],"entropy,":[98],"coefficient":[99],"variation,":[101],"burst":[102],"detection":[103,262,304],"indicators,":[104],"multi-window":[106],"statistical":[107],"measures.":[108],"address":[112],"issue":[114],"class":[116],"imbalance,":[117],"Synthetic":[119],"Minority":[120],"Over-Sampling":[121],"Technique":[122],"(SMOTE)":[123],"was":[124,131,147],"implemented,":[125],"window-size":[128],"sensitivity":[129],"conducted":[132],"provide":[134],"objective":[136],"justification":[137],"selected":[140],"feature":[141],"configuration.":[142],"A":[143],"comprehensive":[144],"comparative":[145],"evaluation":[146],"performed":[148],"using":[149],"Random":[150],"Forest":[151],"(RF),":[152],"Support":[153],"Vector":[154],"Machine":[155,162],"(SVM),":[156],"Multilayer":[157],"Perceptron":[158],"(MLP),":[159],"Gradient":[160],"Boosting":[161],"(GBM),":[163],"Long":[165],"Short-Term":[166],"Memory":[167],"(LSTM)":[168],"models":[169],"aWiFi":[171],"traffic":[172],"dataset":[173],"comprising":[174],"36,098":[175],"samples":[176],"across":[177],"five":[178],"classes":[179],"(Normal,":[180],"Deauthentication,":[181],"Fake":[182],"Authentication,":[183],"ARP":[184],"Replay,":[185],"Interactive":[187],"Replay),":[188],"collected":[189],"real-world":[192],"platform":[194],"scenario.":[195],"Two":[196],"classification":[197,202,209],"settings":[198],"considered:":[200],"binary":[201,208],"multi-class":[204,230],"classification.":[205],"scenario,":[210,231],"MLP":[212],"model":[213,234],"demonstrated":[214,235],"optimal":[216],"performance,":[217,237],"attaining":[218,238],"F1-score":[220,245],"0.906":[222],"accuracy":[225,240,292],"0.833.":[227],"LSTM":[233],"superior":[236],"0.782":[242],"0.792.":[247],"findings":[249,307],"indicate":[250],"utilization":[253],"time-based":[255],"facilitates":[259],"effective":[260],"while":[263],"preserving":[264],"privacy":[265],"minimizing":[267],"risk":[269],"data":[271],"leakage.":[272],"Furthermore,":[273],"clear":[275],"hierarchy":[276],"distinguishability":[279],"is":[280],"identified:":[281],"high-rate,":[282],"connectivity-disrupting":[283],"attacks,":[284],"such":[285],"as":[286],"deauthentication,":[287],"are":[288],"detected":[289],"with":[290],"near-perfect":[291],"(F1=0.99),":[293],"whereas":[294],"lower-rate":[295],"attacks":[296],"do":[298],"not":[299],"disrupt":[300],"connectivity":[301],"pose":[302],"greater":[303],"challenges.":[305],"These":[306],"offer":[308],"insights":[310],"design":[313],"privacy-preserving":[315],"IDS":[316],"solutions":[317],"environments.":[320]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-03-26T00:00:00"}