{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140121430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3676468","title":"Toward Fair Evaluation: A Unified Transformer for Objective Gymnastic Performance Analysis","display_name":"Toward Fair Evaluation: A Unified Transformer for Objective Gymnastic Performance Analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140121430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3676468"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3676468","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3676468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3676468","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121521804","display_name":"Yuan Fang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093674","display_name":"Zhoukou Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjkh886","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Physical Education, Henan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Zhoukou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Physical Education, Henan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Zhoukou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093674"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130395949","display_name":"Xiaolei Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093674","display_name":"Zhoukou Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjkh886","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Physical Education, Henan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Zhoukou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9037-4004","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Physical Education, Henan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Zhoukou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093674"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093674"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":53.4283,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9936364,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"45227","last_page":"45241"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13936","display_name":"Physical Education and Gymnastics","score":0.2687000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13936","display_name":"Physical Education and Gymnastics","score":0.2687000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12051","display_name":"Diversity and Impact of Dance","score":0.056299999356269836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10114","display_name":"Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention","score":0.055799998342990875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-transformer","display_name":"Current transformer","score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient-analysis","display_name":"Transient analysis","score":0.2549999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6909000277519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.42080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3472999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3228999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133770746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856535","display_name":"Current transformer","level":4,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989121073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1309019","display_name":"Transient analysis","level":3,"score":0.2549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2451000064611435}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3676468","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3676468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0d29ca70130a4d058a97752fbc46eb0f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0d29ca70130a4d058a97752fbc46eb0f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 45227-45241 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3676468","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3676468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,335],"competitive":[1],"gymnastics,":[2],"performance":[3,267],"evaluation":[4],"and":[5,34,57,77,88,102,151,202,302,356],"training":[6,79,184,238,296],"have":[7],"traditionally":[8],"relied":[9],"on":[10,143,175,254,287,332],"subjective":[11],"human":[12],"observation,":[13],"which":[14],"struggles":[15],"to":[16,162,197,307,319,370],"consistently":[17],"process":[18],"the":[19,28,65,82,126,139,173,213,220,240,260,274,299,312,320,342,371],"high-speed,":[20],"complex":[21,188],"biomechanical":[22,113],"nuances":[23],"of":[24,30,40,122,129,191,291],"elite":[25],"execution.":[26],"While":[27],"advent":[29],"advanced":[31],"motion":[32,165,225],"capture":[33,198],"wearable":[35],"sensors":[36],"offers":[37],"a":[38,46,106,187,244,270,288,308,328,346,367],"wealth":[39],"quantitative":[41],"kinematic":[42,96,170],"data,":[43],"there":[44],"remains":[45],"critical":[47],"gap":[48,83],"in":[49,311,374],"translating":[50],"these":[51],"raw":[52,85],"metrics":[53],"into":[54],"objective,":[55,233],"fair,":[56],"actionable":[58],"coaching":[59,90],"insights.":[60],"To":[61,209],"address":[62],"this":[63,123,337],"challenge,":[64],"proposed":[66],"UniGym":[67,241,343],"framework":[68,242,344],"introduces":[69],"an":[70,265],"integrated":[71],"architecture":[72],"for":[73],"gymnastic":[74],"movement":[75,144,192,261],"analysis":[76],"automated":[78],"recommendation,":[80],"bridging":[81],"between":[84],"sensor":[86],"signals":[87],"qualitative":[89],"expertise.":[91],"The":[92,155],"system":[93,214],"processes":[94],"multi-modal":[95],"data-incorporating":[97],"synchronized":[98],"vision-based":[99],"skeletal":[100],"tracking":[101],"inertial":[103],"measurement":[104],"units-through":[105],"unified":[107,221],"embedding":[108],"space":[109],"that":[110,228,248,341,352],"harmonizes":[111],"high-dimensional":[112],"features":[114],"with":[115,327],"technical":[116,156,200,256],"proficiency":[117],"metrics.":[118],"A":[119],"core":[120],"innovation":[121],"approach":[124],"is":[125,345],"systematic":[127],"elimination":[128],"contextual":[130],"biases;":[131],"by":[132],"employing":[133],"adversarial":[134,359],"alignment":[135],"during":[136],"feature":[137],"encoding,":[138],"model":[140,275],"focuses":[141],"exclusively":[142],"quality":[145],"while":[146],"discarding":[147],"confounding":[148],"demographic":[149],"variables":[150],"individual":[152],"stylistic":[153],"idiosyncrasies.":[154],"pipeline":[157],"leverages":[158],"weakly":[159],"supervised":[160],"learning":[161],"extract":[163],"refined":[164],"representations":[166],"from":[167,219],"raw,":[168],"uncurated":[169],"inputs,":[171],"reducing":[172],"dependency":[174],"exhaustive":[176],"frame-level":[177],"annotations.":[178],"Our":[179],"transformer":[180],"mechanism":[181],"models":[182],"each":[183],"session":[185],"as":[186],"temporal":[189,323],"sequence":[190],"events,":[193],"utilizing":[194],"multi-head":[195],"self-attention":[196],"hierarchical":[199],"patterns":[201],"long-range":[203],"dependencies":[204],"across":[205,279],"diverse":[206],"skill":[207],"levels.":[208],"facilitate":[210],"comparative":[211],"analysis,":[212],"constructs":[215],"topology-aware":[216],"similarity":[217,235],"graphs":[218],"embeddings,":[222],"enabling":[223],"large-scale":[224],"pattern":[226],"clustering":[227],"ensures":[229],"consistent":[230],"grouping":[231],"through":[232,282],"distance-based":[234],"measures.":[236],"For":[237],"optimization,":[239],"implements":[243],"generative":[245],"recommendation":[246,357],"engine":[247],"synthesizes":[249],"personalized":[250],"corrective":[251],"strategies":[252],"based":[253],"latent":[255],"gaps":[257],"identified":[258],"within":[259],"sequences.":[262],"By":[263],"comparing":[264],"athlete\u2019s":[266],"manifold":[268],"against":[269],"distilled":[271],"``expert''":[272],"representation,":[273],"identifies":[276],"non-obvious":[277],"relationships":[278],"athlete":[280],"groups":[281],"macro-scale":[283],"interaction":[284],"modeling.":[285],"Evaluation":[286],"comprehensive":[289],"dataset":[290],"over":[292],"ten":[293],"thousand":[294],"gymnastics":[295],"sequences":[297],"demonstrates":[298],"model\u2019s":[300],"robustness":[301],"cross-apparatus":[303],"generalizability,":[304],"achieving":[305],"up":[306],"31%":[309],"improvement":[310],"Unified":[313],"Balanced":[314],"Error":[315],"Rate":[316],"(UBER)":[317],"compared":[318],"closest":[321],"state-of-the-art":[322],"modeling":[324],"baselines,":[325],"along":[326],"99.3%":[329],"classification":[330],"accuracy":[331],"expert":[333],"executions.":[334],"conclusion,":[336],"study":[338],"definitively":[339],"establishes":[340],"deployable,":[347],"bias-free":[348],"standard.":[349],"It":[350],"proves":[351],"integrating":[353],"classification,":[354],"clustering,":[355],"via":[358],"debiasing":[360],"strictly":[361],"outperforms":[362],"traditional":[363],"isolated":[364],"models,":[365],"offering":[366],"concrete":[368],"solution":[369],"fragmentation":[372],"problem":[373],"sports":[375],"analytics.":[376]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2026-03-24T00:00:00"}
