{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140116704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3676398","title":"Detecting Malicious Clients Based on Autoencoders in Federated Learning for Indoor Localization","display_name":"Detecting Malicious Clients Based on Autoencoders in Federated Learning for Indoor Localization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140116704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3676398"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3676398","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3676398","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3676398","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Akram Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2921-3507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188771183","display_name":"Iqra University","ror":"https://ror.org/00thhhw55","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188771183"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akram Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Sciences and Technology, Iqra University, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2921-3507","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Sciences and Technology, Iqra University, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188771183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007091108","display_name":"Muhammad Fahad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7457-2958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103583917","display_name":"Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02sdmkj94","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103583917"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Fahad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7457-2958","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103583917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052135256","display_name":"Shama Siddiqui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3547-0307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94876832","display_name":"Dundalk Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01800zd49","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94876832"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shama Siddiqui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3547-0307","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94876832"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043200528","display_name":"Muhammad Shoaib Siddiqui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5656-0416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151290","display_name":"Islamic University of Madinah","ror":"https://ror.org/03rcp1y74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151290"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Shoaib Siddiqui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer and Information Systems, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5656-0416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer and Information Systems, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151290"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30267737,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"45648","last_page":"45657"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.19699999690055847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.19699999690055847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.16359999775886536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.09300000220537186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning","display_name":"Federated learning","score":0.6916000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.34139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-database","display_name":"Distributed database","score":0.26669999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.836899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992525071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671","display_name":"Federated learning","level":2,"score":0.6916000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41589999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.34139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70061542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989016","display_name":"Distributed database","level":2,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.26170000433921814}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3676398","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3676398","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1fc2b1f0ce9449099c148e3566bfbedc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1fc2b1f0ce9449099c148e3566bfbedc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 45648-45657 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3676398","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3676398","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Federated":[0],"learning":[1],"(FL)":[2],"has":[3],"recently":[4],"emerged":[5],"as":[6,134],"a":[7,85,108],"promising":[8],"paradigm":[9],"for":[10,63,178],"WiFi":[11,152],"fingerprinting\u2013based":[12],"indoor":[13],"localization":[14],"by":[15],"enabling":[16],"collaborative":[17],"model":[18,43,97,120,176,179],"training":[19],"without":[20],"sharing":[21],"raw":[22],"data.":[23],"However,":[24],"the":[25,48,53,74,79,100,128,140,143,149,164,168,174],"ad":[26],"hoc":[27],"nature":[28],"of":[29,52,82,87,114,173],"FL":[30,68,83],"makes":[31],"it":[32],"vulnerable":[33],"to":[34,136],"malicious":[35,65,103],"clients":[36,66,104],"that":[37,92,110,127,163],"can":[38],"launch":[39],"data":[40],"poisoning":[41,44,180],"and":[42,50,117],"attacks,":[45],"severely":[46],"degrading":[47],"accuracy":[49,177],"robustness":[51],"global":[54,175],"model.":[55],"This":[56],"paper":[57],"proposes":[58],"an":[59],"autoencoder":[60],"(AE)-based":[61],"methodology":[62,130],"detecting":[64],"in":[67,78,139,171],"setting.":[69],"The":[70,122],"proposed":[71,129,144,165],"method":[72,166],"trains":[73],"AE":[75],"only":[76],"once":[77],"first":[80],"round":[81],"using":[84,107],"set":[86],"low":[88],"dimensional":[89],"statistical":[90],"features":[91],"are":[93,105],"extracted":[94],"from":[95,119],"client":[96],"updates.":[98],"In":[99],"subsequent":[101],"rounds,":[102],"detected":[106],"threshold":[109],"is":[111,146],"some":[112],"percentile":[113],"reconstruction":[115],"errors":[116],"excluded":[118],"aggregation.":[121],"computational":[123],"complexity":[124],"analysis":[125],"shows":[126],"requires":[131],"less":[132],"time":[133],"compared":[135],"related":[137,169],"methods":[138,170],"literature.":[141],"Finally,":[142],"approach":[145],"evaluated":[147],"on":[148],"real-world":[150],"UJIIndoorLoc":[151],"fingerprinting":[153],"dataset":[154],"under":[155],"multiple":[156],"attack":[157],"scenarios.":[158],"Extensive":[159],"experimental":[160],"results":[161],"demonstrate":[162],"outperforms":[167],"terms":[172],"attacks.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-28T06:11:35.319607","created_date":"2026-03-24T00:00:00"}