{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7135018300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3673608","title":"Cross-Layer Multipath Routing for Live Microservice Migration in Fog Computing Networks","display_name":"Cross-Layer Multipath Routing for Live Microservice Migration in Fog Computing Networks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7135018300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3673608"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3673608","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3673608","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3673608","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120043429","display_name":"Nguyen Duc Tu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0055-1526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37355250","display_name":"Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/00pcyc255","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37355250"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nguyen Duc Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telecommunication Networks and Data Transmission, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Saint Petersburg, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0055-1526","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telecommunication Networks and Data Transmission, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Saint Petersburg, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37355250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030075164","display_name":"Ibrahim A. Elgendy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7154-2307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim A. Elgendy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Finance and Digital Economy, KFUPM Business School, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7154-2307","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Finance and Digital Economy, KFUPM Business School, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070613056","display_name":"Abdukodir Khakimov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2362-3270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37355250","display_name":"Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/00pcyc255","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37355250"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdukodir Khakimov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science and Telecommunications, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2362-3270","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science and Telecommunications, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37355250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024357714","display_name":"Ammar Muthanna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0213-8145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37355250","display_name":"Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/00pcyc255","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37355250"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ammar Muthanna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telecommunication Networks and Data Transmission, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Saint Petersburg, Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telecommunication Networks and Data Transmission, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Saint Petersburg, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37355250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043722629","display_name":"Irina Kochetkova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1594-427X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37355250","display_name":"Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/00pcyc255","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37355250"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irina Kochetkova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science and Telecommunications, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1594-427X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science and Telecommunications, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37355250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090121708","display_name":"Konstantin Samouylov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6368-9680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37355250","display_name":"Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/00pcyc255","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37355250"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantin Samouylov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science and Telecommunications, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6368-9680","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science and Telecommunications, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37355250"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018187110","display_name":"Andrey Koucheryavy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4479-2479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37355250","display_name":"Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/00pcyc255","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37355250"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrey Koucheryavy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telecommunication Networks and Data Transmission, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Saint Petersburg, Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telecommunication Networks and Data Transmission, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Saint Petersburg, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37355250"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":25.9972,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98815883,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"46671","last_page":"46686"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.2248000055551529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.2248000055551529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.21369999647140503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.1664000004529953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fog-computing","display_name":"Fog computing","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5605000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-routing","display_name":"Multipath routing","score":0.5254999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.3797999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.3783000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.35499998927116394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986652147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21809931","display_name":"Fog computing","level":3,"score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6215000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5605000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76522221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5035396","display_name":"Multipath routing","level":5,"score":0.5254999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.3797999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.3783000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.36890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.35499998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.31769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50558702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5535067","display_name":"Geographic routing","level":5,"score":0.30869999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.25360000133514404}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3673608","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3673608","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c7c712f2255e4aa8968a726be68e642a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c7c712f2255e4aa8968a726be68e642a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 46671-46686 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3673608","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3673608","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7534028887748718,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Microservice":[0],"migration":[1,31,47,119,201],"on":[2],"fog/edge":[3],"infrastructure":[4],"is":[5],"a":[6,44],"core":[7],"operational":[8],"mechanism":[9],"to":[10,26,86,162,166,170,178],"ensure":[11],"low":[12],"latency":[13],"and":[14,33,59,69,80,108,131,140,174,192,207],"high":[15],"availability":[16],"for":[17,198],"time-sensitive":[18],"applications.":[19],"However,":[20],"common":[21],"single-path":[22,127],"deployments":[23],"are":[24],"prone":[25],"network":[27],"bottlenecks,":[28],"which":[29],"prolong":[30],"time":[32,120],"increase":[34],"downtime.":[35],"This":[36],"paper":[37],"proposes":[38],"MPMRP":[39,55,115,155],"(Multipath":[40],"Migration":[41],"Routing":[42],"Protocol),":[43],"cross-layer":[45,186],"multipath":[46,147,193],"routing":[48,134],"protocol":[49],"that":[50,89,114],"directly":[51],"targets":[52],"downtime":[53],"reduction.":[54],"performs":[56],"path-level":[57,190],"measurements":[58],"assesses":[60],"computational":[61],"resources":[62],"at":[63],"the":[64,77,99,105,126,132,146,183,196],"path":[65],"\u201cbottleneck,\u201d":[66],"normalizes":[67],"indicators,":[68],"scores":[70],"paths":[71,79,91],"using":[72],"weights;":[73],"it":[74],"then":[75],"selects":[76],"top-K":[78],"splits":[81],"pre-copy":[82],"data":[83],"in":[84,189,202],"proportion":[85],"bandwidth":[87],"so":[88],"all":[90],"complete":[92],"simultaneously.":[93],"The":[94],"accompanying":[95],"mathematical":[96],"model":[97],"establishes":[98],"convergence":[100],"condition":[101],"\u03bb":[102],"<":[103],"1,":[104],"stopping":[106],"rule,":[107],"performance":[109],"measures.":[110],"Kubernetes/Minikube-based":[111],"experiments":[112],"show":[113],"consistently":[116],"shortens":[117],"total":[118],"by":[121,141],"about":[122,142],"61\u201374%":[123],"compared":[124,144],"with":[125,145],"baselines":[128],"AODV,":[129,163],"EAODV,":[130,167],"migration-aware":[133],"scheme":[135],"of":[136,153,158,185],"Kuzmina":[137,171],"et":[138,172],"al.,":[139,173],"8\u201310%":[143],"transport":[148],"baseline":[149],"MPTCP.":[150,179],"In":[151],"terms":[152],"downtime,":[154],"achieves":[156],"reductions":[157],"approximately":[159],"95\u201398%":[160],"relative":[161,165,169,177],"93\u201396%":[164],"94\u201397%":[168],"around":[175],"8\u201311%":[176],"These":[180],"results":[181],"confirm":[182],"benefits":[184],"optimization":[187],"grounded":[188],"measurement":[191],"routing,":[194],"paving":[195],"way":[197],"seamless":[199],"service":[200],"6G":[203],"URLLC":[204],"scenarios,":[205],"Metaverse/XR,":[206],"industrial":[208],"digital":[209],"twins.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T06:02:25.137627","created_date":"2026-03-13T00:00:00"}
