{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7135080961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3672965","title":"Frequency-Aware Invertible Fusion Network for Multimodal Digital Images","display_name":"Frequency-Aware Invertible Fusion Network for Multimodal Digital Images","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7135080961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3672965"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3672965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3672965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3672965","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073885591","display_name":"Cuifeng Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131756","display_name":"Zhejiang Business Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03yh3e798","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131756"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137009","display_name":"Shaanxi Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03c8jqn92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137009"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cuifeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Post and Telecommunication College, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China","Zhejiang Business Technology Institute, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8613-4981","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Post and Telecommunication College, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859","https://openalex.org/I4210137009"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Business Technology Institute, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100369793","display_name":"Chen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0079-3106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131756","display_name":"Zhejiang Business Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03yh3e798","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131756"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137009","display_name":"Shaanxi Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03c8jqn92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137009"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Post and Telecommunication College, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China","Zhejiang Business Technology Institute, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Post and Telecommunication College, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859","https://openalex.org/I4210137009"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Business Technology Institute, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuhua Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137009","display_name":"Shaanxi Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03c8jqn92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137009"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhua Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Technical College of Finance and Economics, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Technical College of Finance and Economics, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137009"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128864434","display_name":"Hao Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137009","display_name":"Shaanxi Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03c8jqn92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137009"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Technical College of Finance and Economics, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Technical College of Finance and Economics, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137009"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":9.1798,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.965443,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"45364","last_page":"45376"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.004000000189989805,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-fusion","display_name":"Image fusion","score":0.542900025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invertible-matrix","display_name":"Invertible matrix","score":0.5033000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.49619999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lossless-compression","display_name":"Lossless compression","score":0.48660001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.44830000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.4456000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.43630000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3831999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.34540000557899475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7907999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6255999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69744172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860822","display_name":"Image fusion","level":3,"score":0.542900025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96442724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242188","display_name":"Invertible matrix","level":2,"score":0.5033000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.49619999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81081738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55542","display_name":"Lossless compression","level":3,"score":0.48660001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.44830000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.4456000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.43630000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.40860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3831999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.34540000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3431999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988416141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6031139","display_name":"Information loss","level":2,"score":0.3264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165021410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55564","display_name":"Lossy compression","level":2,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124681953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339062","display_name":"Decomposition","level":2,"score":0.32089999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778971668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5510284","display_name":"Fusion rules","level":4,"score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173414695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5510276","display_name":"Fusion mechanism","level":4,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46286280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414958","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","level":4,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.2522999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3672965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3672965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ebf01e62971c4c558c97375d04f3a6d9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ebf01e62971c4c558c97375d04f3a6d9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 45364-45376 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3672965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3672965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7422230243682861}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Visible":[0],"and":[1,20,47,54,89,105,120,132,156],"infrared":[2],"image":[3,15],"fusion":[4,52,111],"(VIF)":[5],"aims":[6],"to":[7,11,84,99,113,125],"integrate":[8],"multi-spectral":[9],"information":[10,116],"generate":[12],"a":[13,68,94,108,121],"fused":[14],"with":[16,80],"enhanced":[17],"content":[18],"richness":[19],"discriminability,":[21],"thereby":[22],"improving":[23],"visual":[24],"perception":[25],"in":[26,43,129],"complex":[27],"environments.":[28],"Existing":[29],"approaches,":[30],"however,":[31],"still":[32],"face":[33],"several":[34],"challenges,":[35],"including":[36],"insufficient":[37],"use":[38],"of":[39,56],"frequency-domain":[40,58],"information,":[41],"difficulty":[42],"balancing":[44],"structural":[45],"preservation":[46],"detail":[48],"enhancement,":[49],"limited":[50],"multi-scale":[51,109],"capability,":[53],"lack":[55],"explicit":[57],"constraints":[59],"during":[60],"training.":[61],"To":[62],"address":[63],"these":[64],"issues,":[65],"we":[66],"propose":[67],"Frequency-Aware":[69],"Invertible":[70],"Fusion":[71],"Network":[72],"(FAIFN),":[73],"which":[74],"innovatively":[75],"combines":[76],"Haar":[77],"wavelet":[78],"transform":[79],"invertible":[81],"neural":[82],"networks":[83],"perform":[85],"lossless":[86],"frequency":[87,133],"decomposition":[88],"reconstruction.":[90],"The":[91],"model":[92,158],"introduces":[93],"bidirectional":[95],"cross-frequency":[96],"attention":[97],"mechanism":[98],"adaptively":[100],"enhance":[101],"interactions":[102],"between":[103],"low-frequency":[104],"high-frequency":[106],"features,":[107],"adaptive":[110],"module":[112],"capture":[114],"contextual":[115],"at":[117],"different":[118],"scales,":[119],"frequency-aware":[122],"loss":[123],"function":[124],"provide":[126],"joint":[127],"supervision":[128],"both":[130],"spatial":[131],"domains.":[134],"Extensive":[135],"experiments":[136],"on":[137],"multiple":[138],"public":[139],"datasets":[140],"demonstrate":[141],"that":[142],"FAIFN":[143],"achieves":[144],"superior":[145],"performance":[146],"across":[147],"various":[148],"evaluation":[149],"metrics":[150],"while":[151],"maintaining":[152],"high":[153],"inference":[154],"efficiency":[155],"low":[157],"complexity.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-28T06:11:35.319607","created_date":"2026-03-13T00:00:00"}