{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7135014494","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3670751","title":"Phase Drifts and Signal Dispersion in Coaxial Cables","display_name":"Phase Drifts and Signal Dispersion in Coaxial Cables","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7135014494","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3670751"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3670751","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3670751","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3670751","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114800324","display_name":"And\u017eej \u0160erlat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4415-3992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"And\u017eej \u0160erlat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4415-3992","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039708751","display_name":"Maciej Grzegrz\u00f3\u0142ka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2157-4612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maciej Grzegrz\u00f3\u0142ka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2157-4612","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047636041","display_name":"Maciej Urba\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7167-0453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maciej Urba\u0144ski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091787263","display_name":"Bartosz G\u0105sowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0208-0684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bartosz Ga\u0328Sowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0208-0684","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045072119","display_name":"Krzysztof Czuba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5968-2227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krzysztof Czuba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5968-2227","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063555358","display_name":"Dominik Sikora","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8652-1664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominik Sikora","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8652-1664","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043244234","display_name":"Rados\u0142aw Papis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rados\u0142aw Papis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9578-9313","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025809269","display_name":"Pawe\u0142 Jatczak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6963-0877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pawe\u0142 Jatczak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013189025","display_name":"Igor Rutkowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1690-7398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Igor Rutkowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002557596","display_name":"Jeremiah Holzbauer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3831-2854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314696892","display_name":"Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/020hgte69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314696892","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210114836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremiah Holzbauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3831-2854","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314696892"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113528560","display_name":"Nathan B. Eddy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4231-3141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314696892","display_name":"Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/020hgte69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314696892","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210114836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathan Eddy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314696892"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114800324"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47694879,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"40261","last_page":"40271"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12206","display_name":"Vibration and Dynamic Analysis","score":0.042899999767541885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12206","display_name":"Vibration and Dynamic Analysis","score":0.042899999767541885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12804","display_name":"Thermal Analysis in Power Transmission","score":0.039000000804662704,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":0.03319999948143959,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dispersion","display_name":"Dispersion (optics)","score":0.6486999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coaxial","display_name":"Coaxial","score":0.5867999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.5626000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5339000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coaxial-cable","display_name":"Coaxial cable","score":0.3880999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.35339999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-distortion","display_name":"Phase distortion","score":0.3352000117301941}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6510999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177562468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182893","display_name":"Dispersion (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6486999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51221625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751466","display_name":"Coaxial","level":2,"score":0.5867999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.5626000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5339000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777663116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183389","display_name":"Coaxial cable","level":3,"score":0.3880999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.36250001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.36169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.35339999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57747864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180948","display_name":"Phase distortion","level":3,"score":0.3352000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987423054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185553","display_name":"Relative phase","level":3,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202374169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124291","display_name":"Electrical conductor","level":2,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173871940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471846","display_name":"Three-phase","level":3,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96834759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750463","display_name":"Phase modulation","level":3,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778465081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275356","display_name":"Differential phase","level":3,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3670751","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3670751","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6139e717d6f8418398c57b9f143494bb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6139e717d6f8418398c57b9f143494bb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 40261-40271 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3670751","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3670751","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.4315909147262573,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3391544070","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CRADA FRA-2020-0026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338288","funder_display_name":"Fermilab"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338288","display_name":"Fermilab","ror":"https://ror.org/020hgte69"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011406421","https://openalex.org/W2121045756","https://openalex.org/W2145391554","https://openalex.org/W2834541232","https://openalex.org/W2896553071","https://openalex.org/W2905826295","https://openalex.org/W3036301625","https://openalex.org/W4214911707","https://openalex.org/W4253461641","https://openalex.org/W4312360728","https://openalex.org/W4402153957","https://openalex.org/W4404728128","https://openalex.org/W4406025927"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Phase":[0],"reference":[1,52,130],"distribution":[2,131],"is":[3,74,99],"a":[4,92],"critical":[5],"challenge":[6],"in":[7,35,87],"modern":[8],"linear":[9],"particle":[10],"accelerators,":[11],"such":[12],"as":[13],"European":[14,18],"Spallation":[15],"Source":[16],"(ESS),":[17],"X-ray":[19],"Free":[20],"Electron":[21],"Laser":[22],"(E-XFEL),":[23],"or":[24],"Proton":[25],"Improvement":[26],"Plan":[27],"II":[28],"(PIP-II).":[29],"Similar":[30],"issues":[31],"may":[32],"also":[33,100,109],"arise":[34],"other":[36],"RF":[37],"systems":[38],"that":[39],"need":[40],"to":[41,65,76],"synchronize":[42],"many":[43],"independent":[44],"circuits.":[45],"Achieving":[46],"low":[47],"phase":[48,85,129],"drift":[49],"of":[50,57,105,114,128],"the":[51,66,78,84,106],"signal":[53],"requires":[54],"careful":[55],"selection":[56],"cables":[58,89,107,117],"and":[59,90,123],"their":[60],"environmental":[61],"operating":[62],"conditions.":[63],"Due":[64],"limited":[67],"data":[68],"provided":[69],"by":[70],"cable":[71,79],"manufacturers,":[72],"it":[73],"necessary":[75],"characterize":[77],"performance.":[80],"This":[81],"article":[82],"investigates":[83],"drifts":[86],"coaxial":[88,116],"presents":[91],"dedicated":[93],"measurement":[94,112],"methodology.":[95],"The":[96,102,111],"cables\u2019":[97],"dispersion":[98,103],"examined.":[101,110],"characteristics":[104],"are":[108,118],"results":[113],"various":[115],"presented,":[119],"along":[120],"with":[121],"conclusions":[122],"practical":[124],"guidelines":[125],"for":[126],"designers":[127],"lines.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2026-03-13T00:00:00"}
