{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133185364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3669779","title":"Feedback Control of a Boost Converter Using a NARX-NN-Based Digital Twin Instance: Multi-Domain Analysis and Comparison","display_name":"Feedback Control of a Boost Converter Using a NARX-NN-Based Digital Twin Instance: Multi-Domain Analysis and Comparison","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133185364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3669779"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3669779","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3669779","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3669779","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029989885","display_name":"Karol Najdek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3979-0009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11923345","display_name":"Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/008fyn775","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11923345"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karol Najdek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3979-0009","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11923345","https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127800245","display_name":"Radoslaw Nalepa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11923345","display_name":"Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/008fyn775","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11923345"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Radoslaw Nalepa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7933-0261","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11923345","https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029989885"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11923345","https://openalex.org/I686019"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37655436,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"36239","last_page":"36256"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.49549999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.49549999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.07419999688863754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.05730000138282776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.733299970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.684499979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5091999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.45989999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.4120999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robust-control","display_name":"Robust control","score":0.38600000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.3806000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3582000136375427}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.733299970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6991000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.684499979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5091999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.45989999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.4120999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31531917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q915157","display_name":"Robust control","level":3,"score":0.38600000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.3806000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3582000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.353300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91581856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2707001","display_name":"Nonlinear control","level":3,"score":0.3264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159877910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2202883","display_name":"Autoregressive model","level":2,"score":0.3100999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018623182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154021","display_name":"Output feedback","level":3,"score":0.30869999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158411068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720568","display_name":"Digital control","level":2,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.2946000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760134","display_name":"Boost converter","level":3,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85761212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1974593","display_name":"Transient response","level":2,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186886427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441213","display_name":"Feedback loop","level":2,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3669779","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3669779","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0bb1062a6e5e468babcce9b599ff1a2b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0bb1062a6e5e468babcce9b599ff1a2b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 36239-36256 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3669779","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3669779","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521600671","https://openalex.org/W2062775555","https://openalex.org/W2134383471","https://openalex.org/W2910597635","https://openalex.org/W2972794140","https://openalex.org/W3162811004","https://openalex.org/W3185823006","https://openalex.org/W3194346966","https://openalex.org/W3194471921","https://openalex.org/W3201530360","https://openalex.org/W4241836358","https://openalex.org/W4318827691","https://openalex.org/W4324116351","https://openalex.org/W4367666470","https://openalex.org/W4375928691","https://openalex.org/W4385062245","https://openalex.org/W4387146038","https://openalex.org/W4388736725","https://openalex.org/W4390417007","https://openalex.org/W4396904698","https://openalex.org/W4399282637","https://openalex.org/W4403421261","https://openalex.org/W4403510956","https://openalex.org/W4403759950","https://openalex.org/W4407566453","https://openalex.org/W4408794899","https://openalex.org/W4409129944","https://openalex.org/W4410737780","https://openalex.org/W4413349461"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,14,18,32,79,143,233],"data-driven":[4],"feedback":[5,81,182],"control":[6,242],"framework":[7,231],"for":[8,93,102,111,145,236,250],"regulating":[9],"the":[10,39,71,119,123,165,202],"output":[11,40,76,134],"voltage":[12,42,49,207],"of":[13],"boost":[15],"converter":[16],"using":[17,164],"Nonlinear":[19],"AutoRegressive":[20],"model":[21],"with":[22,131],"eXogenous":[23],"inputs":[24],"Neural":[25],"Network":[26],"(NARX-NN).":[27],"The":[28,66,128,229],"NARX-NN":[29,121],"operates":[30],"as":[31,78],"Digital":[33,246],"Twin":[34,247],"Instance":[35],"(DTI)":[36],"that":[37,118,201],"estimates":[38],"capacitor":[41],"in":[43,60,174],"real-time,":[44],"reducing":[45],"reliance":[46],"on":[47],"direct":[48],"sensing":[50,64],"under":[51,63,209],"noisy":[52],"or":[53],"faulty":[54],"measurement":[55],"conditions.":[56,157],"Robustness":[57],"is":[58,68],"validated":[59],"closed-loop":[61,72],"operation":[62],"degradations.":[65],"DTI":[67],"embedded":[69],"within":[70,225],"structure,":[73],"where":[74],"its":[75],"serves":[77],"surrogate":[80],"signal.":[82],"A":[83],"systematic,":[84],"information-theoretic":[85],"design":[86],"procedure":[87],"integrates":[88],"Mutual":[89],"Information":[90],"(MI)":[91],"analysis":[92,101],"optimal":[94],"data-sampling":[95],"frequency":[96],"selection,":[97],"correlation":[98],"and":[99,106,133,138,160,171,191,194,217,243],"multicollinearity":[100],"informative":[103],"input":[104,132],"identification,":[105],"False":[107],"Nearest":[108],"Neighbours":[109],"(FNN)":[110],"signal-specific":[112],"delay":[113],"embedding.":[114],"These":[115],"steps":[116],"ensure":[117],"trained":[120],"represents":[122],"converter\u2019s":[124],"nonlinear,":[125],"time-varying":[126],"dynamics.":[127],"case-study":[129],"circuit":[130],"filters":[135],"exhibits":[136],"nonlinear":[137],"non-minimum-phase":[139],"behaviour,":[140],"making":[141],"it":[142],"benchmark":[144],"power-electronic":[146,241],"control.":[147],"Frequency":[148],"Response":[149],"Analysis":[150],"(FRA)":[151],"characterises":[152],"dynamics":[153],"across":[154],"multiple":[155],"load":[156],"Closed-loop":[158],"stability":[159,172],"robustness":[161],"are":[162,184],"evaluated":[163],"D-decomposition":[166],"providing":[167],"intuitive":[168],"gain-selection":[169],"criteria":[170],"boundaries":[173],"(KP,KI)":[179],"space.":[180],"Three":[181],"strategies":[183],"compared:":[185],"(i)":[186],"conventional":[187],"measurement-based;":[188],"(ii)":[189],"DTI-based;":[190],"(iii)":[192],"DTI-based":[193],"look-up-table":[195],"(LUT)":[196],"compensator.":[197],"Simulation":[198],"results":[199],"confirm":[200],"DTI-enhanced":[203],"controller":[204],"maintains":[205],"accurate":[206],"regulation":[208],"dynamic":[210],"conditions,":[211],"achieving":[212],"steady-state":[213],"deviations":[214],"below":[215],"\u00b13%":[216],"robust":[218],"transient":[219],"performance":[220],"while":[221],"keeping":[222],"computational":[223],"effort":[224],"real-time":[226],"constraints":[227],"(sub-GFLOPS).":[228],"proposed":[230],"establishes":[232],"unified":[234],"foundation":[235],"integrating":[237],"neural":[238],"estimators":[239],"into":[240],"advancing":[244],"adaptive":[245],"(DT)":[248],"architectures":[249],"next-generation":[251],"energy-conversion":[252],"systems.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2026-03-03T00:00:00"}