{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131394821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3667853","title":"Parameter Optimization Method for Improving the Reliability of the NIST SP 800-22 Test Suite in TRNG Verification","display_name":"Parameter Optimization Method for Improving the Reliability of the NIST SP 800-22 Test Suite in TRNG Verification","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131394821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3667853"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3667853","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3667853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3667853","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126831573","display_name":"Hyeong-Jun Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyeong-Jun Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1608-9732","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033474634","display_name":"Chi Trung Ngo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2641-2631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi Trung Ngo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126849240","display_name":"Myeong-Hun Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Myeong-Hun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0359-9234","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053464432","display_name":"Jong-Phil Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6322-8588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jong-Phil Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6322-8588","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.31195182,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"31159","last_page":"31173"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12560","display_name":"Nuclear Engineering Thermal-Hydraulics","score":0.1136000007390976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12560","display_name":"Nuclear Engineering Thermal-Hydraulics","score":0.1136000007390976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10928","display_name":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","score":0.1103999987244606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.05380000174045563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.8011000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-suite","display_name":"Test suite","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.5583000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5054000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.4699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-statistic","display_name":"Test statistic","score":0.4056999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.40220001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.3950999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.38850000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-hypothesis-testing","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","score":0.3822000026702881}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.8011000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7107999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151552104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705809","display_name":"Test suite","level":4,"score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5583000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5160999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5054000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169857963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1461038","display_name":"Test statistic","level":3,"score":0.4056999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.40220001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.3950999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.38850000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.3822000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3540000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89128539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949963","display_name":"Statistic","level":2,"score":0.3481000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73586568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2600211","display_name":"Parameter space","level":2,"score":0.33250001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.32670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34559072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2334061","display_name":"Design of experiments","level":2,"score":0.32510000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.3244999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40696583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989120","display_name":"Type I and type II errors","level":2,"score":0.3240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.3206999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9679016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417473","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","level":2,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.30309998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137209882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1403517","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103784038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386228","display_name":"Cumulative distribution function","level":3,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122123141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176623","display_name":"Random variable","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19619285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372","display_name":"Observational error","level":2,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183905921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1038757","display_name":"Multiple comparisons problem","level":2,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68781425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2052203","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3667853","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3667853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3667853","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3667853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2595024650","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2020-NR049604","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2922860803","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2025-RS-2020-II201462","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"NIST":[1],"SP":[2],"800-22":[3],"test":[4,100,216],"suite":[5],"is":[6,230],"the":[7,76,87,99,106,112,127,143,157,191,205,219,227],"generally":[8,231],"accepted":[9],"standard":[10],"for":[11,86,126],"Random":[12],"Number":[13],"Generator":[14],"(RNG)":[15],"evaluation.":[16],"However,":[17],"applying":[18],"default":[19,199],"parameters":[20,53,178,243],"leads":[21],"to":[22,29,51,115,141,159,221,233,239,245],"Type":[23,72,211],"I":[24,73,212],"errors":[25,31,74,154,213],"(false":[26],"rejections)":[27],"due":[28],"approximation":[30,153],"and":[32,80,89,102,155],"parameter":[33,66,135,145],"sensitivity":[34,139],"inherent":[35],"in":[36,75],"Level-1":[37],"statistic":[38],"computation.":[39],"While":[40],"prior":[41],"studies":[42],"have":[43],"analyzed":[44],"these":[45],"error":[46],"sources,":[47],"a":[48,65,117,134,170,180],"systematic":[49],"methodology":[50],"optimize":[52],"at":[54],"this":[55],"fundamental":[56],"stage":[57],"remains":[58],"absent.":[59],"To":[60],"address":[61],"this,":[62],"we":[63,93,132],"propose":[64],"optimization":[67,207],"method":[68,229],"that":[69,176,204],"mitigates":[70,209],"structural":[71,210],"Frequency,":[77],"Cumulative":[78,90],"Sums,":[79],"Non-overlapping":[81,128],"Template":[82,129],"Matching":[83,130],"tests.":[84],"Specifically,":[85],"Frequency":[88],"Sums":[91],"tests,":[92],"derive":[94,240],"analytical":[95],"pass":[96,119,183,195],"thresholds":[97],"from":[98],"formulas":[101],"align":[103],"them":[104],"with":[105,198],"statistically":[107],"modeled":[108],"maximum":[109],"values":[110],"of":[111],"observed":[113,197],"statistics":[114],"identify":[116],"stable":[118],"region":[120],"<italic":[121,147],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[122,148],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">(n)</i>.":[123],"In":[124],"contrast,":[125],"test,":[131],"employ":[133],"sweep":[136],"based":[137],"on":[138],"analysis":[140],"determine":[142],"optimal":[144,241],"set":[146],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">(n,N)</i>.":[149],"This":[150],"approach":[151],"minimizes":[152],"resolves":[156],"hypersensitivity":[158],"strict":[160],"decision":[161],"boundaries,":[162],"while":[163],"securing":[164],"sufficient":[165],"statistical":[166],"margins.":[167],"Verification":[168],"using":[169],"28":[171],"nm":[172],"CSRO-based":[173],"TRNG":[174],"confirms":[175],"optimized":[177],"achieve":[179],"100":[181],"%":[182,193],"rate":[184,196],"across":[185],"all":[186],"chips,":[187],"significantly":[188],"improving":[189],"upon":[190],"72":[192],"minimum":[194],"parameters.":[200],"These":[201],"results":[202],"indicate":[203],"proposed":[206,228],"effectively":[208],"without":[214],"compromising":[215],"sensitivity,":[217],"enabling":[218],"evaluation":[220],"strictly":[222],"target":[223],"actual":[224],"deficiencies.":[225],"Furthermore,":[226],"applicable":[232],"varying":[234],"hardware":[235],"implementations,":[236],"allowing":[237],"researchers":[238],"verification":[242],"tailored":[244],"their":[246],"specific":[247],"entropy":[248],"characteristics.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2026-02-26T00:00:00"}
