{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131298297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3667649","title":"Flexible Antennas for 6G Communication and Harsh Environments: Design, Materials, Fabrication, Testing, and AI/ML Integration","display_name":"Flexible Antennas for 6G Communication and Harsh Environments: Design, Materials, Fabrication, Testing, and AI/ML Integration","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131298297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3667649"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3667649","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3667649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3667649","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126700291","display_name":"Archana T. Anilkumar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137317281","display_name":"Washington State University Vancouver","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2fk805","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137317281","https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Archana T. Anilkumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanomaterials&#x2013;Sensor Laboratory, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0030-5779","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanomaterials&#x2013;Sensor Laboratory, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137317281"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124148602","display_name":"Zahid Hassan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137317281","display_name":"Washington State University Vancouver","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2fk805","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137317281","https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahid Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanomaterials&#x2013;Sensor Laboratory, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7437-0553","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanomaterials&#x2013;Sensor Laboratory, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137317281"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126706189","display_name":"Sharmin Shila","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I865555288","display_name":"ShinEtsu Chemical (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05tq4a167","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865555288"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharmin Shila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shin-Etsu Handotai America Inc., Vancouver, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shin-Etsu Handotai America Inc., Vancouver, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865555288"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126691136","display_name":"Rabab E. Zannat","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137317281","display_name":"Washington State University Vancouver","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2fk805","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137317281","https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rabab E. Zannat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanomaterials&#x2013;Sensor Laboratory, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9931-891X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanomaterials&#x2013;Sensor Laboratory, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137317281"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011440927","display_name":"Praveen Kumar Sekhar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4669-535X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137317281","display_name":"Washington State University Vancouver","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2fk805","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137317281","https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Praveen Sekhar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanomaterials&#x2013;Sensor Laboratory, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4669-535X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanomaterials&#x2013;Sensor Laboratory, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137317281"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5126700291"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137317281"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.34168147,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"36126","last_page":"36157"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.2459000051021576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.2459000051021576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.20090000331401825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.09489999711513519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5928999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5346999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconfigurable-antenna","display_name":"Reconfigurable antenna","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.4496000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/omnidirectional-antenna","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","score":0.42410001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fabrication","display_name":"Fabrication","score":0.4097999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.38830000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6331999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5928999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5346999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131369404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554278","display_name":"Reconfigurable antenna","level":5,"score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.483599990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4496000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24027999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2176348","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","level":3,"score":0.42410001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.4097999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.38830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.3815999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143635782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187868","display_name":"Smart antenna","level":4,"score":0.3361000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3310000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158616128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771260","display_name":"Antenna measurement","level":3,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160844929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55604036","display_name":"Antenna efficiency","level":4,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.257999986410141}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3667649","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3667649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:01aa6c0b12124efc9fed64e7eceb9e8e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/01aa6c0b12124efc9fed64e7eceb9e8e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 36126-36157 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3667649","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3667649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5089551874","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2104513","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":247,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489101952","https://openalex.org/W1849300963","https://openalex.org/W1957220226","https://openalex.org/W1971253820","https://openalex.org/W1997937036","https://openalex.org/W2014075533","https://openalex.org/W2035885296","https://openalex.org/W2040456193","https://openalex.org/W2058485010","https://openalex.org/W2077829978","https://openalex.org/W2089610240","https://openalex.org/W2094826133","https://openalex.org/W2109645917","https://openalex.org/W2110640007","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2153399888","https://openalex.org/W2154331349","https://openalex.org/W2272804037","https://openalex.org/W2293610099","https://openalex.org/W2321959027","https://openalex.org/W2334973254","https://openalex.org/W2365236949","https://openalex.org/W2569376100","https://openalex.org/W2743024538","https://openalex.org/W2765559215","https://openalex.org/W2782154531","https://openalex.org/W2790872303","https://openalex.org/W2794070125","https://openalex.org/W2803955044","https://openalex.org/W2805657678","https://openalex.org/W2901418946","https://openalex.org/W2901540051","https://openalex.org/W2902227692","https://openalex.org/W2909487041","https://openalex.org/W2911318067","https://openalex.org/W2944404756","https://openalex.org/W2945561261","https://openalex.org/W2945573969","https://openalex.org/W2964005248","https://openalex.org/W2965706694","https://openalex.org/W2971634527","https://openalex.org/W2990506568","https://openalex.org/W2992763267","https://openalex.org/W2993158195","https://openalex.org/W2996973493","https://openalex.org/W3002159761","https://openalex.org/W3005800950","https://openalex.org/W3006053545","https://openalex.org/W3007749181","https://openalex.org/W3022916297","https://openalex.org/W3024088041","https://openalex.org/W3040997480","https://openalex.org/W3043953517","https://openalex.org/W3047559686","https://openalex.org/W3080239302","https://openalex.org/W3080623387","https://openalex.org/W3081360685","https://openalex.org/W3086387771","https://openalex.org/W3088213715","https://openalex.org/W3091752016","https://openalex.org/W3095180132","https://openalex.org/W3102630470","https://openalex.org/W3112248143","https://openalex.org/W3112956682","https://openalex.org/W3121756258","https://openalex.org/W3126686235","https://openalex.org/W3127447975","https://openalex.org/W3127618812","https://openalex.org/W3135599941","https://openalex.org/W3135803947","https://openalex.org/W3141617231","https://openalex.org/W3144404977","https://openalex.org/W3157341840","https://openalex.org/W3162738760","https://openalex.org/W3162930582","https://openalex.org/W3165292067","https://openalex.org/W3167770130","https://openalex.org/W3168082371","https://openalex.org/W3169384804","https://openalex.org/W3171460757","https://openalex.org/W3173421977","https://openalex.org/W3184458815","https://openalex.org/W3188274412","https://openalex.org/W3199788226","https://openalex.org/W3200310546","https://openalex.org/W3201246499","https://openalex.org/W3201857500","https://openalex.org/W3213011021","https://openalex.org/W3214057028","https://openalex.org/W4200224746","https://openalex.org/W4205097533","https://openalex.org/W4205556697","https://openalex.org/W4205740412","https://openalex.org/W4206324982","https://openalex.org/W4206444166","https://openalex.org/W4206556044","https://openalex.org/W4206720523","https://openalex.org/W4210512028","https://openalex.org/W4212984781","https://openalex.org/W4213244233","https://openalex.org/W4213273640","https://openalex.org/W4214923837","https://openalex.org/W4220803576","https://openalex.org/W4224229286","https://openalex.org/W4225355147","https://openalex.org/W4226210420","https://openalex.org/W4281635493","https://openalex.org/W4282958458","https://openalex.org/W4283704915","https://openalex.org/W4284992671","https://openalex.org/W4285102945","https://openalex.org/W4285161583","https://openalex.org/W4286209379","https://openalex.org/W4288084965","https://openalex.org/W4293232083","https://openalex.org/W4295935017","https://openalex.org/W4296016383","https://openalex.org/W4307548377","https://openalex.org/W4311005647","https://openalex.org/W4311039979","https://openalex.org/W4312111403","https://openalex.org/W4312812339","https://openalex.org/W4312920161","https://openalex.org/W4313556236","https://openalex.org/W4313639570","https://openalex.org/W4321789726","https://openalex.org/W4322502600","https://openalex.org/W4322576964","https://openalex.org/W4322706721","https://openalex.org/W4323980169","https://openalex.org/W4328011726","https://openalex.org/W4353087021","https://openalex.org/W4361006805","https://openalex.org/W4362700262","https://openalex.org/W4365503736","https://openalex.org/W4365505884","https://openalex.org/W4378842105","https://openalex.org/W4379057670","https://openalex.org/W4380303648","https://openalex.org/W4383110196","https://openalex.org/W4384276867","https://openalex.org/W4385302624","https://openalex.org/W4385493587","https://openalex.org/W4385613861","https://openalex.org/W4385657668","https://openalex.org/W4386073909","https://openalex.org/W4386689830","https://openalex.org/W4386994453","https://openalex.org/W4387096819","https://openalex.org/W4387369944","https://openalex.org/W4387479084","https://openalex.org/W4387618870","https://openalex.org/W4387934837","https://openalex.org/W4388408598","https://openalex.org/W4388520013","https://openalex.org/W4389068141","https://openalex.org/W4389358977","https://openalex.org/W4390227205","https://openalex.org/W4390480636","https://openalex.org/W4390581470","https://openalex.org/W4390741410","https://openalex.org/W4390901504","https://openalex.org/W4391110521","https://openalex.org/W4391146213","https://openalex.org/W4391696992","https://openalex.org/W4392152479","https://openalex.org/W4392155575","https://openalex.org/W4392607898","https://openalex.org/W4393198079","https://openalex.org/W4393858924","https://openalex.org/W4393965119","https://openalex.org/W4394717271","https://openalex.org/W4396542182","https://openalex.org/W4397030607","https://openalex.org/W4399575851","https://openalex.org/W4400028688","https://openalex.org/W4400037245","https://openalex.org/W4400228554","https://openalex.org/W4400869835","https://openalex.org/W4401015652","https://openalex.org/W4401284074","https://openalex.org/W4401323193","https://openalex.org/W4401507892","https://openalex.org/W4401568733","https://openalex.org/W4401634022","https://openalex.org/W4401634650","https://openalex.org/W4401666581","https://openalex.org/W4402129409","https://openalex.org/W4402470071","https://openalex.org/W4402521188","https://openalex.org/W4402637216","https://openalex.org/W4402639008","https://openalex.org/W4402760984","https://openalex.org/W4402920042","https://openalex.org/W4402981970","https://openalex.org/W4403015846","https://openalex.org/W4403391795","https://openalex.org/W4403441892","https://openalex.org/W4404694992","https://openalex.org/W4405105853","https://openalex.org/W4405893155","https://openalex.org/W4405953172","https://openalex.org/W4406108493","https://openalex.org/W4406152298","https://openalex.org/W4406707691","https://openalex.org/W4407127511","https://openalex.org/W4407941455","https://openalex.org/W4408065810","https://openalex.org/W4408280521","https://openalex.org/W4408362673","https://openalex.org/W4408564024","https://openalex.org/W4408862027","https://openalex.org/W4409119177","https://openalex.org/W4409585410","https://openalex.org/W4409716044","https://openalex.org/W4410229220","https://openalex.org/W4410453416","https://openalex.org/W4410564872","https://openalex.org/W4410734096","https://openalex.org/W4410748085","https://openalex.org/W4411067135","https://openalex.org/W4411468896","https://openalex.org/W4411847415","https://openalex.org/W4411867044","https://openalex.org/W4412085792","https://openalex.org/W4412369164","https://openalex.org/W4412480746","https://openalex.org/W4412602754","https://openalex.org/W4412610111","https://openalex.org/W4412665306","https://openalex.org/W4412711010","https://openalex.org/W4412795880","https://openalex.org/W4412939434","https://openalex.org/W4413160278","https://openalex.org/W4413427086","https://openalex.org/W4414008577","https://openalex.org/W4414066492","https://openalex.org/W4414707798","https://openalex.org/W4415466901","https://openalex.org/W4416018666","https://openalex.org/W4416113381","https://openalex.org/W4416137106","https://openalex.org/W4417050829","https://openalex.org/W4417245032","https://openalex.org/W7076049510","https://openalex.org/W7083305924","https://openalex.org/W7084144415"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sixth-generation":[0],"(6G)":[1],"wireless":[2],"communication":[3],"systems":[4],"impose":[5],"stringent":[6],"requirements":[7],"on":[8],"antenna":[9,63,66,78,82,84,163,181],"performance,":[10],"including":[11,80],"ultra-high":[12],"data":[13],"rates,":[14],"ultra-lowlatency,":[15],"massive":[16],"connectivity,":[17],"high-frequency":[18],"operation,":[19],"advanced":[20],"beamforming,":[21],"and":[22,30,47,52,74,87,91,93,103,117,130,137,149,159,168,178],"long-term":[23],"reliability.":[24],"Achieving":[25],"these":[26],"goals":[27],"at":[28],"mm-wave":[29,92],"sub-terahertz":[31],"frequencies":[32],"introduces":[33],"major":[34],"challenges":[35],"such":[36,121,143],"as":[37,109,122,144],"severe":[38],"path":[39],"loss,":[40],"hardware":[41],"complexity,":[42],"thermal":[43,146],"stress,":[44],"limited":[45],"flexibility,":[46],"performance":[48,169],"degradation":[49],"under":[50,140],"mechanical":[51],"environmental":[53],"variations.":[54],"This":[55],"review":[56],"presents":[57],"a":[58,110],"comprehensive":[59],"overview":[60],"of":[61,156],"6G":[62,180],"requirements,":[64],"key":[65],"technologies,":[67],"material":[68],"platforms,":[69],"fabrication":[70,119,166],"techniques,":[71],"AI/ML":[72],"integration,":[73],"reliability":[75,138],"assessment.":[76],"Advanced":[77],"solutions,":[79],"hybrid":[81],"arrays,":[83],"collocation,":[85],"metasurfaces":[86],"reconfigurable":[88],"intelligent":[89],"surfaces,":[90],"terahertz":[94],"antennas":[95,106],"are":[96,107,151],"discussed":[97],"alongside":[98],"their":[99],"limitations":[100],"in":[101],"flexibility":[102],"robustness.":[104],"Flexible":[105],"highlighted":[108],"promising":[111],"solution,":[112],"enabled":[113],"by":[114],"emerging":[115],"materials":[116],"additive":[118,131],"methods":[120],"inkjet":[123],"printing,":[124,127,129],"aerosol":[125],"jet":[126],"screen":[128],"manufacturing.":[132],"In":[133],"addition,":[134],"standardized":[135],"testing":[136],"evaluation":[139],"harsh":[141],"environments,":[142],"bending,":[145],"cycling,":[147],"humidity,":[148],"aging":[150],"reviewed.":[152],"Finally,":[153],"the":[154],"integration":[155],"artificial":[157],"intelligence":[158],"machine":[160],"learning":[161],"for":[162,176],"design":[164],"optimization,":[165],"control,":[167],"enhancement":[170],"is":[171],"discussed,":[172],"outlining":[173],"future":[174],"directions":[175],"reliable":[177],"scalable":[179],"systems.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2026-02-25T00:00:00"}
